System and method for extended dynamic layout

ABSTRACT

A website building system includes a database, a displayer, an editor and a dynamic layout editor. The database stores pages and components of a website, where each component is either a master component associated with a master page or a regular component associated with a regular page. The master and regular components have associated dynamic layout rules which define the relationships between one website component and at least one other website component. Each component has at least a regular handle and a smart handle. The displayer displays a composite page of master and regular components. The editor enables a user to choose to edit the master components or the regular components. The dynamic layout editor provides a handle set where some smart handles can change the boundary between the selected components and the non-selected components.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of the followingapplications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/771,119, filed Feb.20, 2013, which claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application61/600,726, filed Feb. 20, 2012; this application is also acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/779,798, filed Feb. 28, 2013, which claims priority from U.S.provisional patent application 61/605,243, filed Mar. 1, 2012; and thisapplication is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/786,488, filed Mar. 6, 2013, which claimspriority from U.S. provisional patent application 61/607,094, filed Mar.6, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the building of online visual designsystems generally and to operations therein utilizing dynamic layout inparticular

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Current visual design systems use a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What YouGet) metaphor to provide a convenient, high-productivity and easy to useenvironment for the creation and editing of graphical applications andcreations. Such creations or applications can include web sites,catalogs, presentations, e-shops, flow diagrams and as well as otherapplication categories. These creations are deployed to systems whichdisplay them on a display screen, or to systems which print them.

A visual design system may integrate both static and dynamic contentinto the applications created in it. Static content may be storedlocally and dynamic content may originate from a number of sources suchas from the application itself, a database, an external dynamic datasources (or streams) such as an RSS feed or content generated by otherusers of the same system.

Visual design systems may be standalone systems (such as the MicrosoftVisio diagram editor or the Microsoft PowerPoint presentation program),or may be embedded inside a larger editing system (such as the MicrosoftWord AutoShape editor).

A designer using such a system may design a new application from scratch(starting with a blank screen), or may rely on predefined templatescreated by the application designer, by the system creator, or by thedesigner community. When a template is provided, the designer cancustomize it at will, adding, removing or modifying all elements of thetemplate to create his or her version of the template.

Such applications generally consist of multiple pages. An applicationcan include any number of pages and pages can typically be added orremoved by the system designer and/or the end-user as required. Pagescontain components which can be further classified as either atomic(those that cannot be broken down into sub-components) or container(which occupy a given screen area and can contain one or more furthersub-components). Components may be fixed in shape and content, may bebased on a content management system or may be based on user specifiedcontent such as a text area into which the designer enters text. Dynamiccomponents can be based on external information (static or dynamic),such as an RSS feed displaying information from an external data sourceor the content of a given internet page.

Container components can be nested to a number of levels and can containcomponents of multiple types. Some containers are also limited tocontain specific classes of contained components such as a photo albumcontainer which may only hold picture components. Component appearancesand screen areas can be modified by moving, resizing, rotation andsimilar operations. Their appearance and behavior can also be modifiedby various modifiers, such as blurring and animation (e.g. the componenthas blurred edges, or appears on the screen by expanding from a singlepixel, etc.) During the application creation and editing process, thecontent of a component may be entered and modified in a number of ways.

In visual design systems, typically the pages (containing thecomponents) as well as the components themselves (container and atomiccomponents) are often rectangles whose sides are parallel to each otherand to the sides of the display screen. They are also parallel to the Xand Y axes of the system on which the pages are being displayed orprinted. In some cases, the components themselves are not axes-parallelrectangles. They may be a rotated rectangle, a combination of attachedrectangles, or have a different shape altogether. In these cases, visualdesign systems (and their layout management element) typically handlethe components using a per-component minimal enclosing axes-parallelrectangle which contains the irregularly-shaped component.

Components do not have to occupy mutually exclusive screen regions, andmay in fact geometrically intersect each other. A component may also besituated completely within the boundaries of another component. Thescreen area overlap may be coupled with logical containment (i.e. thecomponent “belongs” to a given container—and moves with the containerwherever it goes), or be a mere geometrical overlap which is not basedon any containment relationship. Whenever components intersect, adisplay priority attached to each component controls which component isdisplayed on top of which component. A visual design system typicallyemploys a layout manager which manages component places, sizes, displayorder and related issues.

Visual design systems can be often be classified as absolute position orrelative position systems (described in more detail herein below). Inabsolute positioning systems, the focus is on exact componentpositioning. The location of the components is defined as an absoluteposition value (x, y) relative to the containing entity, be it relativeto the page itself or to a container containing the component. Theposition is typically expressed as an offset between the top left cornerof the containing entity and the top left corner of the component.

In relative positioning systems, the focus is on the concept of flow ornatural order. The system arranges components along a logical contentflow, which typically corresponds to the reading order of the componentswhenever such an order is applicable. For example, an English languageword processor is essentially a layout system for characters (and words)which uses the natural reading order of the English language (top tobottom and then left to right) to arrange the displayed characters andwords. Another example is a blog editing system (such as the Wordpressblogging platform commercially available from wordpress.org), whicharranges page elements (blog entries, talkbacks etc.) on a pageaccording to a natural reading flow.

Thus, in a relative positioning system, the components are positionedrelative to each other, so a component is displayed after(position-wise) the display of a previous component ends. Existingabsolute and relative positioning systems both define a default screenor page size, which is used for all displayed pages. All relativepositioning systems (and some absolute positioning systems) can increasethis size as required to accommodate the addition of content to thepage.

Visual design systems which use absolute positioning are best suited forexact layout and design of the displayed page. Such exact placementallows components to be properly sized, positioned and aligned on thedisplayed screen. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 components [a],[b], [c] and [d] are arranged on a page P. Components [e] and [f] arethen added in the available space (page Q), so that all are properlyaligned—[a], [e] and [c] in the first row, and [b], [f] and [d] in thesecond row—without the need to push components aside or to calculate thecorrect reading flow.

There are also two main types of absolute positioning systems,constraint based systems and anchor-based systems. The types are notmutually exclusive and systems can contain elements of both systems. Invisual design systems, constraints and anchors can be specifiedexplicitly by the designer (through the system user interface) orinferred automatically by the system based on existing component layoutand information. In a constraint-based system, the designer definesdynamic mathematical constraints on the relationships between thecomponents residing on the screen. In anchor-based systems, the dynamiclayout is defined in terms of anchors set between components andframework elements, as well as between the components themselves.

Dynamic layout, the automatic adjustment of components according totheir content to fit on a page, is known in the art. In existingsystems, dynamic layout is typically present in relative (rather thanabsolute) positioning systems. Current methods available provide bothmanual and automatic solutions using standard methodologies such asanchoring. Dynamic layout involves the moving and resizing of componentson the screen based on dynamic layout triggers. These triggers mayinclude content changes, multiple target platforms (display of theapplication using different technologies on different viewingplatforms), multiple screen sizes (display of the application using anumber of displays which have different sizes and resolutions), dynamicdata (use of components containing dynamic data which changes overtime), end user changes and application initiated layout changes.Component moving and resizing may also cause dynamic layout changes(i.e. act as a trigger), although the system should provide a way tomove and resize component without triggering dynamic layout (e.g. byproviding separate visual editing modes with and without dynamic layouttriggering).

Reference is now made to FIG. 2 which illustrates the implementation ofdynamic layout on components [a] and [b] situated on a page W. As can beseen, component [a] is placed slightly above component [b] with a smallseparation between them. During editing, when component A is moved down,it begins to overlap and occlude component [b] as seen on page X. Insuch a scenario, it would be desirable to also move component [b]accordingly in order to view the content of component [b] as is shown onpage Y or to even resize it accordingly, as shown on page Z, withoutlosing sight of the content of component [b]. Such changes include notonly modifications to the content of the displayed components ([a], [b])but also modifications to their style and other display parameters, suchas text size and font.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,401 to Wiener together with U.S. Pat. No. 7,554,689to Tonisson and U.S. Pat. No. 7,634,725 to Nishikawa are believed to berepresentative of the prior art regarding dynamic layout.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

There is therefore provided, in accordance with a preferred embodimentof the present invention, a system for dynamically adjusting the layoutof components of a website in a website building system according tochanges in one or more of the components. The system includes a memoryand a processor, a database, a layout manager, a receiver, and acoordinator. The database stores visual components of the website. Thecomponents include atomic components and container components containingone or more other components. During a viewing session, the layoutmanager dynamically creates at least automatic anchors between paralleledges of affecting and affected components according to associateddynamic layout rules. The rules define relationships at least betweencontent and a containing component, between a component and a peercomponent in a primary direction, between bottom edges of the affectingand the affected components, and between top edges of the affecting andthe affected components. The receiver receives events caused by dynamiclayout triggers generated by the layout manager related to dynamicchanges in at least position, size, content and visual attributes of atleast one of the website components. The coordinator, in response to theevents, automatically creates or removes anchors between at least twocomponents of the website affected by the dynamic layout triggers,generates dynamic layout updates for the components according to theassociated dynamic layout rules, and instructs the layout manager todisplay the components with the dynamic layout updates during theviewing session.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the database also stores the associated rules and dynamiclayout information. The information includes at least one of: the anchorinformation, the anchor creation history, the original position and sizeof the components and designer and end-user parameters.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the updates include the manipulation of the websitecomponents according to the event and the associated rules.

Still further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the coordinator includes a dynamic data aggregator toaggregate and limit dynamic data.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the triggers include at least one of component size andposition changes, content changes, content formatting change, componentshaving multiple configurations, multiple target platforms, multiplescreen sizes, dynamic data, end user changes and application initiatedlayout changes.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the rules are at least one of: user defined and systemdefined.

Still further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the website is viewable via at least one of: a regularbrowser, a specialized web browser and a non-browser client accessapplication.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the changes are changes in at least one of the content,layout and attributes of the one or more component.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, two of the one or more components overlap or intersect eachother.

There is also provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, a method for dynamically adjusting the layout ofcomponents of a website in a website building system according tochanges in one or more of the components. The method includes storingvisual components of the website in a database, wherein the componentsinclude atomic components and container components containing one ormore other components, and dynamically creating at least automaticanchors between parallel edges of components being changed during aviewing session and of components being affected by the components beingchanged according to associated dynamic layout rules, the rules definingrelationships at least between content and a containing component,between a component and a peer component in a primary direction, betweenbottom edges of the affecting and the affected components, and betweentop edges of the affecting and the affected components. The methodadditionally includes receiving events caused by dynamic layout triggersrelated to dynamic changes in at least position, size, content andvisual attributes of at least one of the web site components, inresponse to the events, automatically creating or removing anchorsbetween at least two components of the website affected by the dynamiclayout triggers to generate dynamic layout updates for the componentsaccording to associated dynamic layout rules, coordinating the dynamiclayout updates to the website between a server and the at least oneclient according to the events and associated dynamic layout rulesstored on the server, and displaying the components with the dynamiclayout updates, wherein each the component is an atomic component or acontainer component containing one or more other components.

There is also provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, a website editor implementable on a computing device.The editor includes a database, a displayer, an editor and a layoutmanager. The database stores pages and components, each of thecomponents predefined as one of master components associated with atleast one master page and regular components associated with at leastone regular page. The displayer displays a composite page includingmaster components and regular components. The editor enables a user toselect either the master components or the regular components forediting thereby generating selected components and non-selectedcomponents. The layout manager dynamically creates at least automaticanchors between parallel edges of affecting and affected selectedcomponents according to associated dynamic layout rules, the rulesdefining relationships at least between content and a containingcomponent, between a component and a peer component in a primarydirection, between bottom edges of the affecting and the affectedselected components, and between top edges of the affecting and theaffected selected components.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the master page also includes a page group component toretain the at least one regular page.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the editor includes a regular page switcher to switch thecurrent regular page being displayed and edited.

Still further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the regular page switcher includes a visual menu arrangementto activate the regular page switcher.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the website editor also includes a dynamic layout editor toupdate the selected components.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the displayer displays the dynamic layout updates.

Still further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the displayer displays the dynamic layout updates through ananimation effect.

There is also provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, a website building system including a database, aneditor, a displayer, an editor, a dynamic layout editor, an updater, aprocessor and a memory unit. The database stores pages and components ofa website, each of the components predefined as one of: mastercomponents associated with at least one master page and regularcomponents associated with at least one regular page. The master andregular components have associated dynamic layout rules which define therelationships between one website component and at least one othersecondary website component and each component of the plurality ofcomponents has a handle set including at least one regular handle and atleast one smart handle. The displayer displays a composite pageincluding master components and regular components. The editor enables auser to select either the master components or the regular componentsfor editing thereby generating selected components and non-selectedcomponents. The dynamic layout editor provides at least one of theselected components being edited with the handle set during an editingsession. One of the at least one smart handle is operative to change theboundary between the selected components and the non-selectedcomponents. The updater updates and displays the website according tohandle set, handle type and associated dynamic layout rules. Theprocessor embodies the editor, displayer, dynamic layout editor, andupdater.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the event includes attribute and parameter values.

Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the smart handles are at least one of: a dynamic layouthandle and a dynamic layout override handle.

Still further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the website building system also includes a user interface todisplay the smart handles as one of: an invisible handle, a transparenthandle and a display construct of the website editor.

Moreover, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the website building system also includes a handle moduleincluding a modifier to enable manual modification of the display and ofa functionality of the smart handles using at least one of: a keyboard,a mouse and a touchscreen.

Finally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the relationships are at least one of explicit anchors,automatic anchors and semi-automatic anchors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed outand distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification.The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation,together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best beunderstood by reference to the following detailed description when readwith the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the use of absolute positioning inweb page design;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the use of dynamic layout duringonline editing;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the architecture and elements of aserver-based website design system;

FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of a centralizedapplication-specific server system for the design and layout of awebsite implementing dynamic layout techniques, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4B is a schematic illustration of the elements of a dynamic layouteditor; constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are schematic illustrations of different client sideembodiments of the system of FIGS. 4A and 4B, constructed and operativein accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the use of container components invisual editing;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration use of server-assisted dynamiclayout, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the use of server-assisted dynamiclayout together with dynamic data, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the use of server-assisted dynamiclayout together with collaborative authoring, constructed and operativein accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the use of server-assisteddynamic layout together with imported data, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the use of server-assisteddynamic layout together with data aggregation, constructed and operativein accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12A is a schematic illustration of a dynamic layout event thattriggers multiple additional dynamic layout events, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 12B is a schematic illustration of multiple dynamic layout eventsmerged into a single dynamic layout event, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 13A, 13B and 13C are schematic illustrations of component edgelocking, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C and 14D are schematic illustrations of componentcenter locking, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the interaction between anchorsand containers; constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of the differences between firm andflexible anchors, constructed and operative in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIGS. 17A and 17B are schematic illustrations of unidirectional vs.bidirectional anchoring and two way anchoring, constructed and operativein accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of the use of different primarydirections and secondary axes, constructed and operative in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of the creation of anchors when theprimary-distance-max parameter has been reached, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of the use of theprimary-intersect-max dynamic layout basic parameter, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of the use of thesecondary-distance-max dynamic layout basic parameter, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of automaticanchoring gate conditions, constructed and operative in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of the automatic anchoring ofcomponent edges, constructed and operative in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic illustration of the breaking of an automaticanchor due to an interfering component, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic illustration of semi-automatic anchor creation,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic illustration of single page and multi-pagecontainers; constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic illustration of a comparison of dynamic layouteffects of moving and resizing; constructed and operative in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic illustration of the changes to a behavior set fora given component due to dynamic layout; constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C are schematic illustrations of an automaticanchoring rule between the bottom edges of components which are near toeach other, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIGS. 30A and 30B are schematic illustrations of an automatic anchoringrule between the top edges of components which are near to each other,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a schematic illustration of multiple anchor interaction,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a schematic illustration of activation of a dynamic layoutalgorithm together with an incomplete triggering action, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a schematic illustration of the use of a specific handle tomodify the distance specified for an existing anchor;

FIG. 34 is a schematic illustration of a specific handle to modify acomplex, multi-component anchor;

FIG. 35 is a schematic illustration of the use of adjustment handles forvisual editing;

FIG. 36 is a schematic illustration of the use of the internal area of acomponent for position change;

FIG. 37 is a schematic illustration of a system for using smart handlesto trigger or to ignore dynamic layout rules for a particular component,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a schematic illustration of the use of multiple handles toenable or disable dynamic layout use for automatic anchoring,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 39 is a schematic illustration of the use of multiple handles toenable or disable dynamic layout use for explicit anchoring, constructedand operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 40 is a schematic illustration of proximity-based automatic anchorcreation, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 41 a schematic illustration of the use of multiple handles tospecify different proximity thresholds for proximity-based automaticanchor creation, constructed and operative in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 42 is a schematic illustration of the use of multiple handles tocontrol an explicit anchor breaking rule, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 43 is an alternative embodiment to the installation of the systemof FIG. 37, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 44 is a schematic illustration of the association between masterpages and regular pages;

FIG. 45 is a schematic illustration of the use of associated pages andstandalone pages;

FIGS. 46A and 46B are schematic illustrations of composite pages,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 47 is a schematic illustration of the bipartite nature of the pageassociations, constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 48 is a schematic illustration of a website editor for theassociation of master pages and regular pages and their display,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 49 is a schematic illustration of dynamic layout use in conjunctionwith multiple regular pages in the same page group component,constructed and operative in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 50 is a schematic illustration of the use editor of FIG. 48 inconjunction with a dynamic layout editor.

FIG. 51 is a schematic illustration of the shading of master pagecomponents in regular page editing mode, constructed and operative inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 52 is a schematic illustration of the flow of editing sessions whenediting multiple regular pages, constructed and operative in accordancewith the present invention;

FIGS. 53A and 53B are schematic illustrations of the visual regular pagemenu design; constructed and operative in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 54 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of thecombined editors of FIG. 50 on a remote server, constructed andoperative in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 55 is a schematic illustration of the use of smart handles tochange the boundaries between a master page and regular pages.

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration,elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale.For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggeratedrelative to other elements for clarity. Further, where consideredappropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures toindicate corresponding or analogous elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that thepresent invention may be practiced without these specific details. Inother instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have notbeen described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.

Many of the types of visual design systems as discussed in thebackground are aimed specifically at the design and editing of websites.Websites are typically hosted by a remote server and accessed locally ona client integrated with a browser for access to the layout and contentresiding on the remote server. Reference is now made to FIG. 3 whichillustrates a website server 10, hosting application 20 and content 25and which is servicing client 30. Application 20 may be viewed using byclient 30A using a browser 40. It will be appreciated that websiteserver 10 may be typically accessed by multiple clients (30B, 30C) atany one time allowing for multiple users to view the same websiteconcurrently.

It will also be appreciated, that in existing systems known in the art,the functionality related to dynamic layout is performed entirely on theediting or viewing software client 30, without involving thecapabilities provided by a centralized application-specific server whichsupports the dynamic layout process. In existing systems, a copy of thewebsite in question may often be held locally for editing. Changes madeto a website are stored locally and then later synchronized with themain copy of the website which is stored on website server 10. Suchsynchronization may occur whenever the designer moves from page to page,on explicit designer requests, over a given time period or using anothermechanism.

Applicants have realized that current methods of working with dynamiclayout are limiting. There are two solutions that are in common use inabsolute-positioning systems for the problems arising when there isinsufficient space to display the required content. One common solutionis dynamically adding scroll bars (e.g. HTML IFRAME or DIV“scrolling=auto” property) to the component so as to enable theapplication user to scroll over the content (be it text or image).Another common solution is dynamically changing the text font size tofit into the available space (such as. Microsoft Excel's“alignment|shrink to fit” option). It will be appreciated that scrollbars require the application user to scroll to read the full text, orview the full media and that this is particularly bothersome o userswhen there is only a small amount of text which doesn't fit into theallocated space; Horizontal scroll bars may be especially problematic asthey require text to be scrolled twice for every line read, and not justwhen finishing reading the page (as vertical scroll bars do). A similarproblem exists with vertical scroll bars applied to componentsdisplaying vertical text such as Japanese and Chinese traditional textwriting. Scroll bars also cannot be used in print media output, or insituations in which user interaction is limited (such as applicationsdisplayed on a data kiosk). Text font resizing is often unacceptable asthe text would have to shrink to a size below what is reasonable for auser to view.

As described herein above, dynamic layout, when used in absolutepositioning systems, involves the moving and resizing of components onthe screen based on dynamic layout triggers. Some examples known in theart for absolute positioning systems which also comprise dynamic layoutinclude: the use of absolute alignment in HTML CSS (with 4 directionalmargin specification) and the use of anchoring and docking the controlsin a graphical user interface (GUI) design for systems running under theMicrosoft Windows operating system. Anchoring (described in more detailherein below) entails connecting the edge of a GUI component to the edgeof a container, causing the component to be resized or moved when thecontainer changes. Docking entails specifying that multiple GUIcomponents are stacked (based on predefined priority) near a given edgeof a container. These options can be found, for example, in theMicrosoft dynamic layout controls and in the Telerik dynamic reportssystem commercially available from Telerik.

Applicants have realized that these simple dynamic layout solutions andsystems cannot create complex, high quality web sites (such ase-Commerce store fronts) that integrate multiple dynamic content anddynamic layouts. There are often cases in which components have to bemoved or re-sized making it difficult to maintain the preplanned exactlayout. This layout can become unstable and incorrect. This isespecially relevant when the content is external to the system, andreflects for example, an external product database which is not managedby the design system itself. Dynamic layout is also a necessity fordevices such as smart phones and tablets that have smaller display areasthan a regular personal computer. Applicants have further realized thatthe use of a centralized application-specific server combined withdynamic layout principles may allow for concurrent editing of the samewebsite by multiple users on multiple clients, may allow for theintegration of dynamic content from multiple sources and may also allowautomatic real time modifications due to dynamic data and screen sizechanges.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4A which illustrates a centralizedapplication-specific server system 100 for the design and layout of awebsite 60 implementing dynamic layout techniques in accordance with anembodiment of the current invention. It will be appreciated that system100 may facilitate the use of dynamic data, as well as supportingdynamic layout changes resulting from other sources, such asuser-generated or application-initiated changes.

Server-based system 100 may comprise two main interconnectedsub-systems, a client component 110 and a server component 120. It willbe appreciated that there may be more than one client component 110,connected to server component 120 at any one time. It will be furtherappreciated that there may be two types of client components—an editorclient 110A (used by the application designer) and a viewer client 110B(used by an end user of the application). It will also be appreciatedthat both the editor client 110A and the viewer client 110B may beimplemented either using the same architecture and technology—forexample, both are FLASH-based downloaded applications, or both areiOS-based applications—or may use entirely different architecture andtechnology to the same advantage. A browser based application may alsobe used, which may be downloaded but combines both client and serverside work. Clients 110A and 110B may also have different screen sizesand geometries used for display. It will also be appreciated that bothclients 110A and 110B may be personal computers with a full browser andfull HTML support, or may be smartphones or tablets, or alternativelymay be an application embedded within a social network. The latter mayinternally limit the availability of HTML and JavaScript which can beused in the application display (e.g. for security reasons or due tolimitations of its embedded browser).

Server 120 may comprise a website application 60, a dynamic layouteditor 70 and a data repository 80. Website application 60 may also beinstalled locally on clients 110A and 110B. Data repository 80 may storethe pages and templates 65 pertinent to website 60, together withcomponent information as well as rules and parameters pertinent todynamic layout actions.

Dynamic layout editor 70 may comprise an event receiver 125, a texthandler 130, an image handler 140, a component engine 150, a dynamiclayout coordinator 170, a pre-processor 155, an updater 175 and a servermodule 180 as illustrated in FIG. 4B to which reference is now made.Event receiver 125 may receive dynamic layout events caused by dynamiclayout triggers. Dynamic layout coordinator 170 may coordinate thedynamic layout events between one or multiple clients 110 and server 120by coordinating the flow of information between changes made by websitedesigner or end-user 5 working on client 110. User 5A situated at client110A may make changes to the pertinent template such as change the sizeof a component, addition of a picture etc. The pertinent change may bereceived by event receiver 125 which may forward the information todynamic layout coordinator 170 which may coordinate the appropriateedits to website 60 according to the dynamic layout rules held inrepository 80. Text handler 130 may handle different fonts, font sizesand text reformatting, image handler 140 may adjust the scaling ofimages, component engine 150 may change the actual structure of thecomponents, pre-processor 155 may preprocess for specific targets andun-displayed areas and server module 180 may aggregate, limit and filteringoing and outgoing data. Once the appropriate edit has been made,updater 175 may update templates 65 accordingly in order for a seconduser 5B situated at client 110B to see the change.

In an alternative embodiment to the present invention, dynamic layouteditor 70 may also be implemented on the client side as part of client110, for example using a locally installed visual design system, adynamically downloaded application (such as a Flash application) or abrowser-based application (which runs inside the client browser usingtechnologies such as HTML5 and JavaScript).

In yet another alternative embodiment to the present invention, dynamiclayout editor 70 may be implemented on both server 120 and client 110.For example, system 100 may handle dynamic layout processing based ontriggers activated by client 110 and handle dynamic layout processingbased on triggers resulting from server-side activities (such as on-linedata feeds) on server 120. The division of tasks may also be dynamic,shifting tasks between the two as necessary (e.g. to optimizeperformance and bandwidth usage).

It will also be appreciated that there may be numerous embodiments forthe client component 110. In an alternative embodiment to the presentinvention, as illustrated in FIG. 5A to which reference is now made,client 110 may be a software component running on a client computer 115.The software may be a pre-installed application, a dynamicallydownloaded application (such as a Flash application) or a browser-basedapplication (which runs inside the client browser using technologiessuch as HTML5 and JavaScript). The hardware used may typically be apersonal computer 115A, a smartphone 115B, or a tablet 115C etc. allconnected through a communication medium such as the Internet to server120.

In an alternative embodiment to the present invention, client 110 may beintegrated with a larger software system so as to provide a rich mediaapplication editing, layout and display services inside the largersoftware system. This could be through the use of integrationtechnologies (such as Microsoft's ActiveX technology) or by beingembedded as a specialized plug-in inside the larger system (for exampleby integrating the client sub-system as Facebook application). Referenceis now made to FIG. 5B which illustrates an end user 5 on personalcomputer 115A, viewing a social network site (such as Facebook) which isserved by the Facebook company servers 200, containing an area [d]containing an application to be edited. In order to edit [d], servers200 may contact server 120 in order to access developed applications.

In yet another alternative embodiment to the present invention, client110 may be integrated with a larger software system which provides itsown editing and display user interface. System 100 may be used only as aback-end engine to provide content formatting and layout information,but the actual edit-time and run-time display is performed by the largersoftware system as is illustrated in FIG. 5C to which reference in nowmade. This larger system 210 and server 120 may be connected via adirect Application Programming Interface (API), dynamic linking, a webservices interface (such as SOAP) or any other program-to-programinterface.

It will be appreciated that work may be divided between the client andserver components (110 and 120) as required for the specific web sitedesign system (as described herein above) and there may be variousembodiments to the combination as is described herein below.

It will also be appreciated that system 100 may also be integrated withthe same server infrastructure used to host the pertinent website to endusers which use the pertinent web site (and are not involved in itscreation). It will also be appreciated that this server does not have tobe the same physical server, as such systems typically employ numerousservers in a load-balancing or cloud configuration and these numerousservers may be optimized for specific sub-tasks.

It will be further appreciated that the client-side software does nothave to be installed, or otherwise permanently reside on the clientcomputer used by the end user. It may of course be installed on it, butit may also be downloaded on demand, using technologies such as AdobeFlash, browser-based JavaScript or Java.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, system 100may be built using server assisted dynamic layout. Tasks related todynamic layout may be performed with the assistance of server 120 whichmay cooperate with either client 110A or 110B via dynamic layoutcoordinator 170. The direct actions of the designer or end-user 5working on the created web site or application may trigger dynamiclayout activity. It will be appreciated that such dynamic layoutactivity may often (but not always) be performed on the client side, soas to provide immediate response to designer or end user editing actionsand to avoid network latency during visual editing. However, even forsuch cases, server 120 support may be required in cases involving verylow-power end-user machines and reasonable speed communication links toserver 120.

In an alternative embodiment to the present invention, certain eventstriggering dynamic layout, such as changes resulting from dynamic dataor from cooperation with concurrent users, do not require instantfeedback, and therefore the required processing may be performedentirely by server 120.

It will also be appreciated that system 100 may create and maintain aninternal data structure which contains the full dynamic layoutinformation and is persistent across all editing sessions known asstored dynamic layout information (SDLI). This information may be storedin rules repository 80 which may sit on server 120. A copy of theinformation may also be stored locally on client 110 in cases whereend-user 5 is allowed to modify certain aspects of the application (suchas the size and position of certain components). There may be multipleversions of the stored dynamic layout information for the same storedapplication. This information may include anchor information, anchorcreation history and the original position and size for each componentaffected by the dynamic layout as well as any designer or end-user setparameters. It will be further appreciated that website 60 may provide asuitable interface with the designer and/or end user 5 in order toreceive such designer or end-user set parameters.

However, since many events that trigger dynamic layout such as changesresulting from dynamic data or from cooperation with concurrent users,do not require instant feedback, server 120 may entirely perform therequired processing itself or may be assisted by server 120.

It will also be appreciated that system 100 may also provide serverassisted dynamic layout services both at the component and containerlevels for different pages of the pertinent visual design system. Thecontainer in question may be a full page containing components, or itmay be a sub-container inside the page or inside a large container asillustrated in FIG. 6 to which reference is now made. As can be seen,container [a] may contain components [b] and [c] and container [d] maycontain components [e] and [f]. When the content of component [b] grows,it pushes down component [c] which expands container [a]. The expandedcontainer [a], in turn, pushes container [d] and thus moves downcomponents[e] and [f]. It will also be appreciated that component-levelserver assisted dynamic layout may be used to present modified versionsof a specific component and that container-level server assisted dynamiclayout may be used to calculate the modified layout of components insidea container or container set.

It will also be appreciated that component-level server assisted dynamiclayout may include the actions needed to present modified versions of aspecific component. The code implementing components in website 60 mayrun on the client-side software, such as the above mentioned iOSapplication or a browser based application. Alternatively, the code doesnot have to reside on the client-side system but may still run on it(i.e. through dynamic downloading); it may also be completelyserver-side in cases where the system is completely server based anduses a very low CPU-power client. Certain elements may have a matchingserver-side element that implements some of the processing-intensivetasks related to dynamic layout.

Container-level server assisted dynamic layout may include an actualcalculation of layout based on the properties of the collection ofcomponents which reside inside a single container, the calculation isnot related to a single component but to the interaction between the setof components and the area in which they reside.

It will also be appreciated that server assisted dynamic layout may beperformed by system 100 at a number of stages during the applicationediting process: System 100 may perform them fully on-line whenever apage is accessed by client 110 or even while the page is being viewed,whenever a new version of a given page or when the completed applicationis saved or published. System 100 may also perform server assisteddynamic layout in parallel to regular system functioning, based oncollected information and usage patterns gathered from tracking actualapplication use, and not as a response to a given page access ormodification. This could be done, for example, during times of lowersystem load.

Reference is now made to FIG. 7 which illustrates 2 clients 110A(editing client) and 110B (viewing client) connected to server 120 andboth showing the same content. If the content of component [a] on client110A is modified, it may cause component [a] to expand down. This mayrequire components [b] and [c] in turn to shrink. Component [b] containstext which may have to be reformatted, and component [c] contains animage which may have to be shrunk. In this example, system 100 mayoffload the component resizing to server 120. Dynamic layout performedon client 110A may generate requests for different versions of specificcomponents having different sizes. Server 120 may in turn generateresized (and possibly reformatted) versions of the components' content,a task which may be performed differently for each component type.

As mentioned herein above, dynamic layout editor 70 may comprise dynamiclayout coordinator 170 which may comprise a text handler 130, an imagehandler 140 and a component engine 150. It will be appreciated that fortext-based components, text handler 130 may handle different fonts, fontsizes and text reformatting. For image-based components, image handler140 may adjust the scaling of the image to a different size or possiblychange the amount of details in vector-based images (such as maps).Similar changes may apply to other media types (such as video) as well.For complex components (such as a store front component), an actualchange in the structure of the components, including removing or addinggraphical user interface elements for the specific component may bedealt with using component engine 150.

It will be further appreciated that the above mentioned operations maytypically be performed on-line, with server 120 responding to specificclient (110A and 110B) requests. However, server 120 may also cacherequests, so the processing done for client 110A using a specific screensize would be immediately useable for additional users of the sameapplication which deploy it on a system of similar size such as client110B. These cached versions of the components may be stored (takingimages for example) using a data structure such as an image pyramid ormipmaps.

It will also be appreciated that the design environment of system 100may use absolute positioning to provide a high quality website layout(in both the editor 110A and viewer 110B clients) to supportautomatically generated changes to the designer-defined layout. It mayalso integrate dynamic layout management as well as dynamic contentseparate from the design information. Dynamic layout editor 70 may beintegrated with both the editing and the viewer components (110A and110B), so the same dynamic layout rules can be applied to changes inwebsite 60 resulting from explicit design actions (by the sitedesigner), as well as to changes in the web site resulting from changesin the dynamic information included in website 60. These dynamic layoutrules are discussed in further detail herein below.

It will be appreciated that there may be different embodiments to system100 regarding the server 120/client (110A and 110B) relationship whendynamic layout processing. is performed. Some of these embodiments aredescribed herein below. In most of these cases, server 120 may modifythe stored dynamic layout information data stored on it. This could bethe stored dynamic layout information of currently un-displayed pages(which would be loaded when required), or that of currently displayedpages (which would be synchronized with the client-side version of thesame information).

Target-Specific Dynamic Layout Processing.

As discussed hereinabove, system 100 may have clients 110 of multipletypes accessing the same application. Clients 110 may have differentcharacteristics, and may employ completely different technologies forthe display of the application. Clients 110 may further have differentscreen sizes and geometries used for display. In order to overcome theseobstacles, the application in question must be adapted to each of thedifferent display platforms and display screen geometries. In existingsystems known in the art, there are two major approaches to this problemof adaptation. One approach is editor-side adaptation—editor client 110Acreates multiple versions of the application each time the applicationis saved, or alternatively when the application is finally published andloaded into a server for access by the viewing clients. Another approachis viewer-side adaptation—editor client 110A saves the application in ageneric format (be it a database format, a collection of HTML or XMLfiles or some other method) on server 120. Each viewer client 110B thenperforms the required adaptation of the application to his own platformand parameters.

It will be appreciated that when system 100 implements dynamic layout,there may be a substantial amount of work involved in the retargeting ofthe designed screen for all supported target platforms and screengeometries. This may involve position recalculation, re-rendering oftext, resizing of images and other activities. It will further beappreciated that for dynamic layout triggered by content editing ineditor client 110A, there is no problem, as the dynamic layout iscalculated during editing and before the point in which the applicationis saved and/or published. In such a case, editor-side adaptation wouldbe sufficient. However, for dynamic layout triggered from other sources(such as dynamic data or collaboration), dynamic layout is triggeredduring application viewing and cannot be pre-calculated by the editingclient 110A.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, theprocessing required for dynamic layout related to multiple targetplatforms and multiple screen geometries may be performed by server 120.Reference is now made to FIG. 8 which illustrates end-user 5 working onclient 110A and who is viewing application screen b containingcomponents [c] and [d]. It will be appreciated that client 110A mayreceive screen [b] via server 120 which is running website 60 andholding repository 80 integrated with dynamic layout editor 70. It willalso be appreciated that repository 80 may contain the various pages ofthe application being viewed, which in turn may contain the full data[i] and [j] for the multiple instances of the components [c] and [d].Event receiver 125 may receive updates from client 110C which may affectthe content of the instances of the component [i]. Event receiver 125may also receive updates from another client system 110D which maymodify the contents of the instances of the component [j]. Dynamiclayout editor 70 may then perform the required dynamic layout changes onthe instances in repository 80 as required.

It will be appreciated that this method of operation may decrease theworkload on client 110A, which may receive a version of website 60already adapted to the specific client, and would not be required toreformat it. In addition, the work is performed once per targetplatform, and is not performed repeatedly by numerous clients 110accessing the application. It will be appreciated that in the way,server 120 may perform the entire dynamic layout work or may partiallyperform some of the time consuming leaving part of the work for client110A to perform.

Un-Displayed Area Processing.

It will be appreciated that when end-users 5 (using both editing andviewing clients) browse an application, a single specific applicationpage is typically displayed at any given time. There are numeroussections of the application which are not displayed at any given moment,including (but not limited to) the following: pages other than thecurrent page; hidden areas in the current page, such as occluded areasor off-screen area (to which end-user 5 may scroll or switch) andapplication pop-up graphical user interface elements which are notdisplayed currently.

It will be also appreciated that even though these areas are not visibleat any given time, they may still require dynamic layout changes. Thiscould be due to changes to the application resulting from externalsources (such as dynamic data and collaborative authoring). This couldalso be, for example, due to designer or viewer initiated changes whichaffect off-screen areas, e.g. changes to component which are visiblefrom a number of screens (such as a large e-Store object which isvisible from multiple screens in the application). These areas may bedisjointed dynamic-layout wise—from the currently displayed areas, e.g.separate application pages which do not interact with the currentlydisplayed page. They could be, however, areas which would interact withthe currently displayed area when they would be displayed, e.g. theun-displayed areas of components which may provide additionalinformation on demand. In the latter case, server 120 may pre-processalternative layout information for the page based on the case in whichthe additional information would be displayed.

It will be appreciated that in all of these cases, the dynamic layoutprocessing for the non-displayed areas may be performed by server 120without affecting the interactivity or response speed of system 100. Anexample of this is a system in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention which supports full collaboration between users, sothat concurrent editing is possible. Reference is now made to FIG. 9which illustrates an application containing pages A, B and C. Only pageA is displayed on client 110A and viewed by user 5A. However, changes inlayout made by another user 5B may affect the layout of page B. Also,changes to the content of the text component [d] which is visible onpage A as well as pages B and C may require dynamic layout changes inall pages A, B and C. Client 110A may perform dynamic layout changes topage A in order to provide an immediate and interactive response. Server120 may also repeat the changes to page A and may also perform the same(or equivalent) changes on pages B and C so that the updated version ofpage B may be displayed to user 5B who is viewing page B of theapplication on client 110B concurrently with user 5A. The requiredchanges may be somewhat different between pages A, B and C since eachpage may have specific constraints affecting the dynamic layout process.

Sites Sharing Single Design but Multiple Data.

An alternative embodiment to the present invention may employ the singledesign/multiple data (SDMD) model of application specification. In thismodel a single common design template is used by multiple applicationshaving different content data. The template specifies the generalstructure of the fields, their interaction (e.g. pressing a button Xwill link to screen Y) and the content for some fields. Each of themultiple data instances of the application has its own set of fieldvalues and content. One example could be an electronic catalogapplication, in which the template would contain the layout anddefinition of the catalog, and the actual catalog item data (text,images etc.) would be part of each application using this catalogtemplate.

It will be appreciated that each of the separate catalog applicationsbased on the same catalog template may require dynamic layout processingdue to different data content. Furthermore, such an application may bebuilt on-line (by a designer who provides the component content throughthe on-line editor) or off-line (by automatically generating a newcatalog application using the catalog template and data imported fromexternal data sources).

It will also be appreciated that server assisted dynamic layout isespecially helpful for applications which are built using imported data(i.e. off-line), otherwise known as external data applications. Theseapplications require dynamic layout in order to handle the changes inthe screen layout caused by the imported data. In systems whichimplement server assisted dynamic layout, processing the dynamic layoutchanges triggered by external data changes may be performed before pagesare loaded by the client. In accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention, server 120 may implement dynamic layout processingwithout requiring client-side processing. Reference is now made to FIG.10 which illustrates end-user 5 working on client system 110A and who isviewing application screen B which contains the components [c] and [d]that reflect imported data in the single design/multiple data scenario.Client 110A may receive screen B from server 120. Repository 80 maycontain the design and layout information H for screen B as well as thedesign and layout information [i] and [j] for components [c] and [d]. Itwill be appreciated that the actual data is stored in repository 80 formultiple instances of the application, together with specific layoutinformation for each instance of the application, such layout beingaffected by the actual data being imported into instances of [i] and [j]from the data sources 250A, 250B and 250C. Dynamic layout editor 70 mayperform the required dynamic layout changes on the instances inrepository 80 as required.

Dynamic Data Aggregation and Limiting.

Certain applications may contain components that reflect external data,and this data may change rapidly (e.g. stock rate information ornews-wire item display). This in turn would cause rapid changes to thedisplayed application and require rapid reactivation of the dynamiclayout mechanism.

As opposed to the prior art where each client has to connect to eachindividual data sources separately, in an alternative embodiment to thepresent invention, server 120 may provide an aggregation service, sothat each client 110 may connect to a server module 180 which mayreceive updates from the data sources 190A, 190B and 190C as isillustrated in FIG. 11 to which reference is now made. Dynamic layoutcoordinator 170 may then coordinate the required update to the dynamiclayout of the application accordingly. It will be appreciated that suchdata aggregation may be particularly useful when used in conjunctionwith collaborative authoring. Server module 180 may combine the updatesarriving from multiple designers in order to provide a single updateversion which will refresh the displayed page layout for all concurrentdesigners. This way, collaborative authoring and the resulting dynamiclayout changes required by it may require a one-to-many communicationinstead of a many-to-many communication between the participatingdesigners.

Furthermore, server module 180 may provide update limiting. Clients110A, 110B and 110C connected to server 120 may have differentcapabilities, processing power and communication bandwidth. In analternative embodiment to the present invention, data server component180 may filter the information updates going out to the clients 110A,110B and 110C accordingly. For example, client 110A with low processingpower or narrow communication bandwidth may receive only some of thechanges and not all of them when the change in frequency is too high.This way the low processing power/narrow bandwidth clients 110 may keepup with the rest of the system.

It will be appreciated that in order to implement system 100 to aiddynamic layout, certain dynamic layout rules must be applied. Eachdynamic layout rule may describe a situation in which a change to anelement of the designed application may affect another element withinthe same designed application. Such an element may be a component, acontainer or the content of a given component. It will be furtherappreciated that the relationship between the affecting element A andthe affected element B may be automatic or explicit, using automatic orexplicit anchoring. The effect on the affected element B may be that ofmoving it or resizing it or (in some cases) both. For the sake ofclarity, each triggering of a dynamic layout rule, in which changes toan element A may affect element B may be known as a dynamic layoutevent. It will also be appreciated that the dynamic layout concepts andrules as described in more detail herein below may also be implementedlocally on a client 110 without server 120. It will be furtherappreciated that system 100 may employ a plurality of dynamic layoutrules having a plurality of attributes and parameters (described in moredetail herein below). It will be further appreciated that the dynamiclayout rules may form part of the stored dynamic layout information andmay be stored in data repository 80.

There may be multiple cases for dynamic layout events as discussedhereinabove such as user and system initiated layout display, use ofmultiple target platforms, differences in user screen size, dynamic dataetc. It will be appreciated that some of these events may be local andfocus on a single given component. Other events may be global and maygenerate multiple dynamic layout events which must be handled togetherin order to derive a new layout. For example, a change in display screensize such as opening the application on a smaller screen may require adynamic layout change to all the components on the screen.

It will also be appreciated that dynamic layout events can be staggeredso that the execution of one event may trigger another. Reference is nowmade to FIG. 12A which illustrates such a staggered execution. As can beseen, component [a] may expanded due to a content change. This expansionmay cause components [b] and [c] to move down which in turn may causecomponent [d] to shrink. Dynamic layout events may also be merged.Reference is now made to FIG. 12B which illustrates such a merge.Component [a] expands downwards pushing components [b] and [c] which inturn push component [d]. It will be appreciated that the dynamic layoutevents that are created by the movement of components [b] and [c] may bemerged into a single event since both components [b] and [c] pushcomponent [d] equally the same amount in the same direction.

It will be further appreciated that the rules and examples providedhereinabove and herein below for the sake of clarity, are detailed interms of vertical movement of components in the downward direction. Thisdirection is known as the primary direction of the dynamic layoutprocess. It will further be appreciated that dynamic layout may befacilitated in all directions (up, down, left and right). Each containeror page may specify the direction in which their components may move.For example, a header on a page may require a more rigid layout,permitting expansion in the downward direction only, whereas contentareas below the header may require less rigidity in design and may allowdynamic layout in different directions. It will also be appreciated thata combination of directions may also be implemented. These attributesmay be set by the designer or end user 5 for each component orcontainer. Components may be marked to grow, shrink or moveindependently in any of the four directions. The lower edge may movedownwards, for example, without affecting the other three edges.

It will be further appreciated that each of the four edges of acomponent (or a combination of them) may be locked. A locked edge isexplicitly anchored to the closest edge of the container containing thepertinent component as is illustrated in FIG. 13A to which reference isnow made. Side 1 may be locked allowing the component to grow and moveleft, right and/or down. Reference is now made to FIG. 13B whichillustrates the same component as FIG. 13A but with sides 1 and 4locked. In this scenario the component may only expand (or shrink down)to the left, but cannot move. If two parallel edges are locked such asedges 2 and 3 as is illustrated in FIG. 13C, to which reference is nowmade, the component may still move in the other two directions, i.e. inthis case up and down, and may also expand or shrink both up and down.

Each of the four corners of the component may also be locked. This isessentially a shortcut specifying that the two edges which meet at thegiven corner are edge locked.

It will be further appreciated that the center of a component may alsobe locked as is illustrated in FIG. 14A to which reference is now made.In this scenario, changes to the component must leave the center in thesame position; therefore, the component may not be moved and may onlyexpand/shrink. A combination of edge locking and center locking may alsobe implemented as is illustrated in FIG. 14B to which reference is nowmade. In this scenario the center of component [a] is locked, as is edge3. Since both are locked, edge 2 (in parallel with edge 3) is alsoautomatically locked. Component [a] may not move, but may expand/shrinkby moving edges 1 and 4.

Components may also be marked with a “preserve aspect ratio” i.e. theirexisting aspect ratio, the proportion between their height and widthcannot be changed. If no edge or center locking is specified, the lockis by default the top left hand corner of the component. In thisscenario, as is illustrated in FIG. 14C to which reference is now made,if edge 4 has to move downwards to compensate a content change due to adynamic layout event, edge 3 would automatically move right in order topreserve the existing aspect ratio of the component. If however, the topright hand corner has been locked (as illustrated in FIG. 14D), edge 3would remain in the same position and edge 2 would move to preserve theratio with edge 4.

As has been discussed hereinabove, dynamic layout events and rules maytypically cause components to change their size and position compared totheir original size and position as specified by the designer of thesystem. It will be appreciated that when the trigger that caused thedynamic layout event is reversed (fully or partially), the changes tothe affected component may also be reversed. It will be appreciated thatthe extent to which the layout change may be reversed is limited in thatthe affected component cannot move beyond its original position or size.This original size notion is applicable to both expanding and shrinkingcomponents. It will also be appreciated, that if a component has beenmodified due to automatic layout, and the designer makes a furtherexplicit change to that component that affects its size, the new sizebecomes the new “original size” also known as original size reset.However, if the designer makes changes to the component that do notaffect component size (such as changes to display properties), theoriginal size is preserved by the system. The original size concept alsomay be applied to position changes. If a designer moves a componentmanually, the preserved original position will be set to the new value.This is also known as an original position reset.

It will be further appreciated (as discussed briefly hereinabove) thatdynamic layout rules may include a combination of anchors createdexplicitly, automatically or semi-automatically. An anchor may becreated between one or more components and/or framework elements such asa screen boundary. The given edge of a component may be locked with anedge of a different component or a framework element. A set ofinterconnected edges may be known as an anchor set. A designer may addor remove edges to an anchor set at will. There may typically bemultiple anchors active at any one time and thus multiple anchor sets.

Explicit anchoring may be performed by the designer using a pertinentuser interface. The designer may create the specific anchoring betweenparallel edges and/or framework elements by selecting these edges andspecifying that an anchor is to be created between them. It will beappreciated, that anchors are always created between components locatedinside the same container (or page). Reference is now made to FIG. 15which illustrates such an arrangement. Components [a] and [b] which aresituated within container c may be anchored to each other, components[d] and [e] which are not situated within the same container, may not.Explicit anchors are permanent until removed by the designer. It will beappreciated, that anchors are always created between components locatedinside the same container (or page), thus when explicitly anchoredcomponents are modified (moved, resized etc.), the explicit linkremains. It will also be appreciated that explicit anchors may also besuspended so that the anchor remains in existence but does not trigger adynamic layout event while suspended. It will also be appreciated thatsuch anchors may be ‘broken’ such as by moving the pertinent componentin or out of a container or by moving the component a distance which isfurther than a set limit.

Anchors may be firm or flexible. In a firm anchor, the relative distancebetween linked edges are preserved whenever possible. In a flexibleanchor, the distance may have a minimal and maximal relative distance.Reference is now made to FIG. 16 which illustrates firm vs. flexibleanchoring. In scenario I, the bottom edge of component [a] is anchoredto the top edge of component [b]. If the anchor is firm (scenario II)and component [a] needs to expand downwards, component [b] would alsomove downwards to preserve the distance between [a] and [b]. If theanchor is flexible (scenario III), component [a] may expand downwardsuntil the minimal distance allowed for the anchor is reached, and onlythen component [b] would start moving down. An alternative mode ofoperation for flexible anchors would move component [b] down immediatelybut would stop when it hits the bottom of the page. In this scenario,component [a] would continue expanding downwards until the minimaldistance for the anchor is reached. It will be appreciated that theproperties for minimal and maximal relative distance may be set by thedesigner at the design stage.

It will be further appreciated that explicit anchors are typicallybidirectional so that a change in one anchored component edge can affectthe other anchored edge and vice versa. It will be also appreciated thata designer may also specify that anchors are unidirectional as isillustrated in FIG. 17A to which reference is now made. Anchor Aconnecting components [b] and [c] may be bidirectional, so that whencomponent [b] is moved, component [c] also moves and vice versa.However, if anchor E is unidirectional, linking the bottom edge ofcomponent [f] to the top of edge of component [g], if component [f] ismoved, component [g] also moves but if component [g] is moved, component[f] remains in position.

It will also be appreciated that as well as being bidirectional,explicit anchors are typically two-way as illustrated in FIG. 17B towhich reference is now made. Component [b] when moved downwards maycause component [c] to move down and when component [c] is movedupwards, component [b] may move upwards accordingly. Alternatively, theanchor may be one-way in that moving component [b] downwards may movecomponent [c] downwards, but moving component [b] upwards would not movecomponent [c] upwards. It will be appreciated that both properties(uni/bi-directional and one/two way) are orthogonal and can be setindependently of each other.

As discussed hereinabove, anchors may be either explicit or automatic.Dynamic layout editor 70 may perform automatic anchoring when it detectsa situation under which components are likely to be related, and thattheir spatial relationship should be preserved to a certain extent whenone of them is moved (for example, to prevent one from occluding theother). In this way, dynamic layout editor 70 attempts to determine theintent of the designer, and save the work required to create explicitanchors or to move the components manually.

It will be appreciated that dynamic layout editor 70 may implement anumber of automatic anchoring rules which may specify the situationsunder which automatic anchors are created or discarded, subject tocertain dynamic layout base parameters and their effect. These rules aredescribed in more detail herein below. It will be further appreciatedthat the description below details the creation of firm automaticanchors. However, layout editor 70 may also implement rules under whichflexible automatic anchors may be created, complete with specificminimal and maximal distance specification for such anchors as describedabove. In such cases, the flexible anchor parameters may bepre-configured, or be based on the geometrical properties of thecomponent it is connected to.

It will be further appreciated that the choice of a primary directionfor any dynamic layout operation also defines a secondary axis, which isthe axis (and the two directions) perpendicular to the primarydirection. If the primary direction is up or down, the secondary axis isthe horizontal one (X axis). If the primary direction is left or right,the secondary axis is the vertical one (Y axis)—as illustrated in FIG.18 to which reference is now made.

In order for dynamic layout editor 70 to determine if an automaticanchor exists between the parallel edges of two components, a series ofconditions related to the proximity and/or intersection of the twocomponents may be evaluated—both vertically and horizontally. Theseconditions are based on testing the inter-component distance or theintersection distance against user-defined minimum and maximumparameters, for a total of 8 different dynamic layout base parameters.The permutations are [primary or secondary]*[proximity orintersection]*[min or max].

For example, dynamic layout editor 70 may require any of the followingconditions for an automatic anchor to be created. In all the examplesdiscussed below, the primary direction is considered to be downwards.dynamic layout editor 70 may create an automatic anchor from the bottomedge of a component [a] (a1) and the top edge of a component [b] (b1) asillustrated in FIG. 19 to which reference is now made. If a1 is locatedabove b1 and the distance between these two edges is greater than thepre-defined primary-distance-max parameter X, it is possible thatcomponent [a] may initially be too high above component [b] to beautomatically anchored to component [b]. However, as component [a] movesdown or grows down (e.g., manually or due to content change), thedistance between components [a] and [b] becomes small enough so they maybecome anchored.

Dynamic layout editor 70 may also create an automatic anchor if thedistance between the bottom edge a1 of component [a] and the top edge b1of component [b] if a1 is below b1 (i.e. the bottom of component [a]intersects with the top of component [b]) as is illustrated in FIG. 20to which reference is now made. If the intersection distance is largerthan the primary-intersect-max parameter y, component [b] and component[c] are not automatically anchored since the overlap is too large(greater than y).

Dynamic layout editor 70 may also create an automatic anchor when thehorizontal overlap or distance between potentially anchored componentsmeets a further condition in addition to that of the vertical distanceor intersection. An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 21 to whichreference is now made. If, component [a] is sufficiently close (in thevertical dimension) to components [d1], [d2], [d3] and [d4], component[a] may expand and intersect (horizontally) with components [d1] and[d2]. Component [a] may also be sufficiently close to (horizontally)component [d3] to form an anchor (i.e. the horizontal distance betweenthe closest vertical edges of component [a] and component [d3] is lessthan the secondary-distance-max parameter Z). However, component [d4]may not be sufficiently close enough (horizontally) to component [a] andtheir horizontal distance may be greater than the secondary-distance-maxparameter Z. Thus component [a] may be automatically anchored tocomponents [d1], [d2] and [d3] but not to [d4].

It will be appreciated that comparison against parameters which are notimplemented or specified (as part of the dynamic layout base parameterset) is not performed. For example, if a minimal secondary axisintersection distance [x] is implemented, but no matching maximalintersection distance is implemented, then any amount of intersectiongreater than or equal to [x] would satisfy this dynamic layout basicparameter condition.

It will also be appreciated that dynamic layout base parameter sets mayalso include [0 to infinity] ranges. These are used, for example, totest whether a component [a] is higher than a component [b] andintersects it and whether size of the intersection region betweencomponents [a] and [b] is relevant to the systems' automatic anchoringdecisions. In such a scenario, a range [0 to infinity] may be definedfor the primary intersects [min, max] dynamic layout basic parameterpair.

It will also be appreciated, that the parameters may be combined usingBoolean conditions or any other applicable conditions (such as aweighted combination) when dynamic layout editor 70 checks for anautomatic anchor creation between component [a] and component [b].

For example, if components [a] and [b] are disjointed along the primarydirection, a check is made to see whether their distance is in therelevant [min, max] range.

If components [a] and [b] intersect along the primary direction a checkis made to see whether their intersection distance is in the relevant[min, max] range.

If components [a] and [b] are disjointed along the secondary axis (ineither direction), check that their distance is in the relevant [min,max] range.

If [a] and [b] intersect along the secondary axis, a check is made tosee whether their intersection distance is in the relevant [min, max]range.

Therefore, to create an anchor from component[a] to component [b], thetwo components have to be correctly positioned both vertically andhorizontally. It will be appreciated that values for each of the dynamiclayout base parameters may be determined using any combination of thefollowing methods: using a general system parameter; using an overridevalue for the specific web site or application being edited; using anoverride value for the specific component type of each of the twocomponents being checked (e.g. leave a large space around a picturecomponent as compared to a text component); using an override value forthe specific screen being designed and using an override value for thespecific container in which the links are being created;

It will be appreciated that the dynamic layout basic parameter valuesmay be defined by the various automatic anchoring rules (described inmore detail herein below). It will also be appreciated that the systemmay specify general dynamic layout basic parameter values to be used byall automatic anchoring rules, or as separate set of dynamic layoutbasic parameter values for each automatic anchoring rule.

It will be further appreciated that the automatic anchoring rules mayalso require a specific order between the components along the primarydirection. For the sake of illustration, a particular rule may requirethat component [a] be above (either disjointed from or intersectingwith) component [b]. Such an order condition will be tested in additionto the dynamic layout basic parameter conditions.

Furthermore, the actual dynamic layout basic parameter values may alsobe specified using any combination of the following methods:

Using Absolute Pixel Values.

Using a pixel value which is adjusted relative to the size of displaydevice displaying the application, so if (for example), an applicationis scaled down 20% due to a display screen having a lower resolution,the threshold values are also scaled down by 20%.

Using a pixel value which is adjusted relative to the sizes of the twocomponents being anchored—so if one of the components is enlarged, therequired anchor distance would grow proportionally. The dynamic layoutbasic parameter value may be specified using the minimal, maximal oraverage size of the components involved.

It will also be appreciated that automatic anchoring gate conditions maybe implemented as part of the dynamic layout basic parameter conditions.These are per-component/per-edge attributes for each of the implementedautomatic anchoring rules which specify if a given rule would be appliedto a given component edge or not. For example, as is illustrated in FIG.22 to which reference is now made, an automatic anchor may be createdbetween the lower edge of components [a1] and [a2] and the lower edge ofthe containing container [b]. However, the gate condition for component[a1] may specify that such an automatic anchor should be created, whilethe gate condition for component [a2] may specify that an automaticanchor should not be created. Therefore, in this scenario when thebottom of container [b] moves down, component [a1] may move or expanddown, while component [a2] is not affected.

Reference is now made to FIG. 23 which illustrates the differentscenarios of what happens once component edges a1 and b1 becomeautomatically anchored. Any further movement down or up of edge a1 maymove the edge b1 as well. This is subject to the limitations of theoriginal position as described herein above, so that if component [b] ismoved downwards (for example) due to component [a] pushing it down, andthen was pulled back up when component [a] moved up again, component [b]would not move further up once it has returned to its original position,even if component [a] moved up above its original position. In such acase, since the distance between the lower edge of component [a] and theupper edge of component [b] exceeds the threshold X for the existence ofautomatic anchor, the anchor would be broken.

Automatic anchors may also be broken when a third component is placedbetween the two anchored components. For example, as is illustrated inFIG. 24 to which reference is now made, in which components [a] and [b]are automatically anchored by anchor A1. When an additional component[c] is placed between them, the direct anchor A1 between components [a]and [b] is broken. It will be appreciated that the system wouldtypically (in such a case) create automatic anchors A2 and A3 betweencomponents[a] and [c] and between components [c] and [b]. The break mayoccur once component [c] is “sufficiently inside” so as to satisfy thedynamic layout base parameters conditions between components [a] and[c], or between components [c] and [b]. This way, a situation is avoidedin which anchors A1, A2 and A3 co-exist. However, it does allow for asituation in which anchors A2, A3, A4 and A5 can co-exist.

It will also be appreciated that dynamic layout editor 70 may alsosupport semi-automatic anchoring. The pertinent visual design system maydetect situations in which an anchor is likely to be needed between twoor more component edges in an area where no automatic anchor has beendesignated. In such cases, the system may suggest the possible anchorsto the designer, and the designer can select using an appropriateinterface whether to confirm the suggestion (thereby creating an anchor)or not.

For example, system 100 may suggest that whenever parallel edges of twocomponents lay on the same line, or are sufficiently close to the sameline, that the designer confirms the creation of an explicit linkbetween these two parallel edges as is illustrated in FIG. 25 to whichreference is now made. As is shown, edges a3 and b4 are sufficientlyclose vertically (their distance is smaller than a given threshold) sothat system 100 suggests that an anchor be created between them. It willbe appreciated that additional factors may be taken into account suchas: the horizontal distance between components [a] and [b]; theexistence of additional components ([c1], [c2]) between [a] and [b](horizontally) which intersect the common horizontal line and theexistence of additional components ([d1], [d2]) whose edges lay on thesame line or close to it and the length of the component edge a3 and b3which are aligned along the line. The created anchor may still be markedas a semi-automatically created anchor and the conditions under whichwas created may be stored in the stored dynamic layout information. Theanchor remains defined as long as these conditions hold true, and wouldbe broken when the conditions under which it was created are no longerin force.

It will also be appreciated that system 100 may implement a hierarchicalcomponent structure, in which some components are containers containingother components or sub-containers. It will be further appreciated thatcontainers may be classed as single page containers or multi pagecontainers. Reference is now made to FIG. 26, which illustrates singlepage and multi-page containers. As is shown, in single page container[a], all of the contained components are displayed when the container isvisible, subject to clipping by the container boundaries. In multi-pagecontainer [b], the container components may be placed on multipleunderlying areas, all of which belong (logically) to container [b], butof which one component only is displayed at any given time [b]. It isalso possible for a multi-page container to display a number of theunderlying areas at the same time, e.g. in a gallery-style arrangement.In such a system, components may be arranged as a set of treestructures, in which the roots of the trees are the separate applicationpages, and nodes of the trees are atomic components, single pagecontainers and the separate contained areas of multi-page containers.Each component or container may be considered to have a singlerecognized parent node.

It will be appreciated that in such a layout, anchors (explicit,automatic or otherwise) can only be made between a component and itsdirect parent; between a container component and one of its descendants(in any of the contained areas in multi-page containers) or between twopeer components which are both direct descendants of the samenode—either the same application page/container or the same area in amulti-page container.

It will also be appreciated that when a dynamic layout event occurs, theanchored edge of the affected element (e.g. component, content,container etc.) has to move. Reference is now made to FIG. 27 whichillustrates such a scenario where dynamic layout is implemented. Forexample, due to a dynamic layout event, edge 3 of component [a] needs tomove downwards. If edge 3 is the lower edge of a given component, thereare two possible ways to do this: by moving the entire component down(keeping its vertical size intact) (scenario 1) or by moving just theedge down, expanding the entire component in the vertical direction(scenario 2). If the edge is the upper edge 1 of component [b], thereare again two possible ways to do this: by moving the entire componentdown (keeping its vertical size intact) (scenario 3) or by moving justthe edge down, shrinking the entire component in the vertical direction(scenario 4).

It will be further appreciated that if the other horizontal edge of thesame component is directly anchored to a framework element, the choiceof direction is forced by that anchor. Otherwise, there are multipleoptions. For explicit anchors, dynamic layout editor 70 may provide agraphical user interface for the user to specify, for each explicitanchor, the direction for each anchor (since anchors may bebidirectional) and whether the anchor would move the affected componentupon a dynamic layout event, or resize it instead.

For automatic anchors, this method is typically inappropriate as suchanchors may be constantly created and removed. It will be appreciatedthat dynamic layout editor 70 may provide a default setting which allowsthe designer to specify which action should be taken (for both types ofedges) in the case of automatic anchors. This may be specified at theapplication/web site level, with possible overrides at the applicationpage, container and component level.

It will also be appreciated that for some types of automatic anchors, asingle option may be available—typically a resize (rather than move). Inparticular, in all automatic anchor situations in which a component [a]affects the container component [b] which logically contains [a], theeffect must always be a resize and not a move—since a containedcomponent cannot move the container that contains it.

It will also be appreciated that some dynamic layout changes may requirea component to shrink, e.g. when its bottom edge moves up due to anexplicit anchor to another edge which was moved up. It may be possibleto define a minimal size for each component or component type in orderto prevent such components from shrinking below their minimal size.Reference is now made to FIG. 28 which illustrates how the behavior setfor a given component [a] may change due to dynamic layout (moving orexpanding down) when edge 3 of component [a] reaches the bottom ofcontainer [b]. It will be appreciated that the distance between bottomedge 3 of component [a] and the bottom edge of container [b] may bebelow a certain pre-specified threshold. Container [b] may be an actualcontainer or may be the edge of the screen. In such a case, thefollowing options (or combinations thereof) may be implemented:

In scenario I, container [b] or the screen may be extended downwards. Inscenario II, container [b] or the screen may be extended logically butnot physically and therefore retaining the existing position and size ofcontainer [b]. The discrepancy between the physical and logicaldimension of container [b] is resolved by making container [b] ascrollable object, with a vertical scroll bar which allows viewing ofthe non-displayed portions of container [b]. In scenario III, component[a] may continue moving or expanding down, but part of the component maybecome clipped (and thus hidden) by the bottom of container [b]. Inscenario IV, component [a] may stop moving or expanding down—which mayaffect additional components as well. For example, if component [a] wasmoving downwards (e.g. due to a component [c] pushing it from above),component [a] may stop moving and thereby cause [c] to stop moving aswell, or alternatively the distance between [c] and [a] may be shrunk(depending on the type of anchor D between them). It will also beappreciated that if component [a] expands downwards (e.g. due to editingtext content inside component [a]), the content inside component [a]might be affected in a variety of ways, including (but not limited to):being displayed using different fonts and being displayed with scrollbars (which allow scrolling over the content). In scenario V, component[a] may start to shrink instead of just moving downwards.

It will be appreciated as discussed hereinabove, that the abovementioned examples may be classified into four main automatic anchoringrules.

The first rule is between content and a containing component. Anautomatic anchor may be defined between every container and its content.Under this rule, the size of a component which contains variable contentmay change as the content changes. This may occur due to content changesmade by a designer or an end-user, changes in content initiated by theapplication itself while running and changes in content caused bydynamic content. System 100 may define a minimal distance thresholdbetween the content and the component frame so that content changes onlyaffect the lower edge of the component once the lower edge of thecontent is within a minimal distance from the lower edge of thecontainer.

The second rule may be between a component and a peer component in aprimary direction. An automatic anchor may be defined between paralleledges of adjacent components along the primary direction. If the primarydirection is down, then an automatic anchor may be created between thebottom edge of a component [a] and the top edge of a component [b] whenthe dynamic layout basic parameter conditions are satisfied.

The third rule may be between the bottom of component [a] and the bottomof component [b]. Dynamic layout editor 70 may automatically create ananchor between bottom edges which are near to each other horizontally,or intersect each other in the horizontal direction as is illustrated inFIG. 29A to which reference is now made. It will be appreciated thatunder this rule and using typical dynamic layout base parameters,dynamic layout editor 70 would create an automatic anchor A between thebottom edges a2 and b2 of components [a] and [b] (scenario I) when thefollowing conditions are met: edge b2 is inside component [a], edge b2is below the top edge a1 and above the bottom edge a2 (scenario II),component [b] is either completely contained vertically in component [a]or just intersects vertically and components [a] and [b] aresufficiently close enough to each other to intersect horizontally(scenario III). Components [a] and [b] may be peer components orcomponent [a] may be a container which logically contains component [b](scenario IV) There must be no other component between edges a2 and b2.In this scenario the anchor may be bi-directional or unidirectional fromedge b2 to edge a2. Therefore, when component [b] moves or expands down(and edge b2 moves downwards), component [a] would also move or expanddown (as defined for anchor) i.e. edge b2 pushes edge a2 downwards. Whenedge b2 moves back upwards, it pulls edge a2 back up again until itteaches its original position as is illustrated in FIG. 29B to whichreference is now made.

If component [a] logically contains component [b], then moving edge b2will only resize component [a] (by moving edge a2 up or down asappropriate). It would not move component [a]. This limitation does notapply if components [a] and [b] merely intersect and component [a] doesnot logically contain [b]. It will be further appreciated that if abidirectional version of anchor A is implemented, when component [a]moves or expands down, component [b] would also move or expand down (asdefined by anchor A) i.e. edge a2 pills edge b2 down. When edge a2 movesback up, it pushes edge b2 until edge a2 reaches its original positionas is illustrated in FIG. 29C to which reference is now made.

The fourth rule may be between the top of component [a] and the top ofcomponent [b]. Dynamic layout editor 70 may create an anchor between thetop edges of both components which are near to each other horizontallyor intersect each other in the horizontal direction as is illustrated inFIG. 30A to which reference is now made. Under this rule in a typicaldynamic layout base parameter setting, dynamic layout editor 70 maycreate an automatic anchor between the top edges a1 and b1 of twocomponents [a] and [b] if the following conditions are met: edge b1 isinside component [a], edge b1 is below edge a1 and above edge a2 andcomponent [b] is completely contained vertically in component [a] orintersects component [a] vertically. Both components [a] and [b] must besufficiently close to each other or intersect horizontally. Components[a] and [b] may also be peer components (i.e. inside the same containeror page) or [a] may be a container which logically contains [b]. Theremust be no other component between edges a1 and b1. It will beappreciated that anchor A is unidirectional from edge a1 to edge b1, andis activated when edge a1 moves down, moving edge b1 and thereforecomponent [b] with it. If component [a] is expanded downwards, anchor Ais not activated since edge a2 is moved but not edge a1 as isillustrated in FIG. 30B to which reference is now made.

It will be appreciated that dynamic layout editor 70 may apply automaticanchoring rules between more than two component edges if applicable, sothat a more complex anchor may be created that connects three or morecomponents.

It will also be appreciated that a flexible anchor may allow thedistance between component [a] and container [b] to shrink further untila minimal distance is reached. In this scenario, the anchor may thenbecome fixed so that no further anchor shrinking would be allowed. Itwill be further appreciated that system 100 may specify a defaultbehavior (selected amongst the scenarios of FIG. 28 whenever applicableand implemented), and may specify an override behavior at the componentor container level. It will also be appreciated that although thediscussion above refers to edges and components moving down, this is bythe way of illustration only and system 100 may implement dynamic layoutevents which cause edge moves in all four directions.

It will also be appreciated there may be multiple anchors which maydictate different behaviors for a given component when a dynamic layoutevent occurs as is illustrated in FIG. 31 to which reference is nowmade. For example, components [a] and [b], may be at a 20 pixel distancefrom component [c], creating an automatic anchor XA between [a] and [c]and another automatic anchor XB between components [b] and [c]. The topedges a1 of component [a] and b1 of component [b] may both be locked inplace. It will be appreciated that components [a] and [b] may be textcomponents, each of which may contain a certain amount of multi-linetext (and thus their bottom edges would move according to the amount oftext contained in them). When the amount of text of inside component [a]is reduced, component [a] may shrink upwards and pull with it the topedge c1 of component [c] (due to automatic anchor XA). However, thismove upwards of component [c] may be limited to the minimal alloweddistance between edge c1 and the bottom edge b3 of component [b]. Asituation might arise in which edge c1 cannot move upwards since it may“stretch” anchor XA above the maximal distance under which it can becreated with the dynamic layout basic parameters in place. However, thesystem may still remember XA as an “overstretched” anchor, rather thanbreaking it. It also may remember the original distance set for theanchor XA.

It will be further appreciated that if the amount of text insidecomponent [b] is reduced, component [b] would shrink, moving bottom edgeb2 upwards. The top edge c1 of component [c] may also move up as much asis possible according to the limitations set by the two anchors XA andXB.

As discussed hereinabove, dynamic layout coordinator 170 may employrules to evaluate and create automatic anchors, to determine when adynamic layout trigger has been activated and to execute the dynamiclayout changes based on the pertinent triggered dynamic layout events.

It will also be appreciated that these rules may run upon occurrence ofany of the possible dynamic layout trigger events described hereinabove. It will be appreciated that these rules may also run even iftriggering action is not completed. Reference is now made to FIG. 32which illustrates component [a] in the process of moving downwards. Adynamic layout trigger might occur every time the component [a] hasmoved a few pixels (with the attendant move to component [b]), andbefore the movement has been completed and before component [b] hasreached its new final position.

The rule in this situation may also be applied recursively for eachcontainer level inside the application (e.g. to each page separately,and to each container in each page). It may scan all possible anchorrelationships—both existing anchors and potential semi-automatic andautomatic anchors—and may perform the dynamic layout according to thedynamic layout rules described above, adding, removing and modifying theanchors and modifying component properties as required.

Therefore, a server based system may be used to integrate dynamic layoutrules across single and multiple clients sharing the same serverenabling the efficient moving and resizing of components where necessaryand thus improving the website creation and design process.

It will be appreciated that, as discussed hereinabove, there are oftenmultiple and complex rules governing the application of dynamic layout.Applicant has realized that, occasionally during page design, a designermay sometimes desire to make some sweeping changes to certaincomponents—changes which could break the existing look and feel of thepage design in order to create a new and better design. The situationmay also be more complex—since there may be multiple pre-defined dynamiclayout rules, and the designer may desire to modify a given component orset of components, activating some of the set dynamic layout rules andbypassing others.

Reference is now made to FIG. 33 which illustrates two components [a]and [b] anchored together by anchor E so that moving component [a]downwards would also move component [b] down. The designer would like tomove the lower edge a1 of component [a] to be aligned with the bottomedges of components [c] and [d] without affecting component [b].

Reference is now made to FIG. 34 which illustrates another example of asituation where the override of dynamic layout may be required. As isshown, component [a] is anchored to components [b1], [b2] and [b3] withanchor A. The designer would like to reposition component [a] to a newposition (as shown by component [a2]) which differs in position bothhorizontally and vertically. The designer may also wish to keep anchor Aintact without affecting or moving components [b1], [b2] and [b3] butmay wish to move components [c] and [d] to the right.

It will be appreciated that often, a simple solution such as turning offdynamic layout during an editing session, does not provide a fullsolution to the range of exception to the rule scenarios, and manyexisting systems do not provide this turn off option. Another simplesolution—that of removing the anchors attached to the given component,editing the component and re-creating the anchors—might be extremelydifficult to implement or use. Furthermore, some of the anchors may beautomatic or semi-automatic and may not have been created by thedesigner himself making it more complicated for the designer to removeand restore them. In addition, this solution may become very laborintensive once components start to have numerous anchors attached tothem.

It will also be appreciated that most visual design systems (and manyother systems) use handles (also known as adjustment handles) as themain user interface device through which components are visuallymanipulated. Handles are typically provided in corners and/or edgecenters of the components and allow for moving the components, resizingthem and possibly rotating them as is illustrated in FIG. 35 to whichreference is now made. Additional editing mechanisms may also beprovided, such as (for example) a dialog box, which allow for directsetting of a components' geometrical properties (such as height andwidth). These actions (move, resize and rotate) may sometimes beachieved using the non-handle regions of the component. In particular,many systems known in the art may allow component resizing by draggingany part of a component edge (e.g. Microsoft Word table row and columnresizing). Furthermore, many systems may allow a component to be movedby dragging any area inside the component as is illustrated in FIG. 36to which reference is now made.

Applicant has realized that the use of multiple adaptable adjustmenthandles may be integrated with dynamic-layout rules to activate actionswith different associated parameters. Applicant has further realizedthat this may be of particular use in situations in which a singleoperation (such as “move component”) may have multiple, widely divergentsemantics due to the use of multiple, parameterized dynamic layoutrules, and the combination of explicit and automatic anchors.

Reference is now made to FIG. 37 which illustrates a system 300 forusing smart handles to trigger or to ignore dynamic layout rules for aparticular component. For the sake of clarity, a web-based site editingsystem is used as an example of a visual design system. System 300 maycomprise a dynamic layout editor 305 and a web site 310. Dynamic layouteditor 305 may comprise a dynamic layout coordinator 320 and a database330. Database 330 may hold the dynamic layout rules associated withwebsite 310, as well as information about the components, their contentand their arrangement. Website 310 may comprise a handle module 340 andan internal component updater 350. Handle module 340 may comprise amanual modifier 345. It will be appreciated that website 310 may offerhandles H1, H2 and H3 as part of its user interface to move and/orresize components. Handle module 340 may control the display of handlesH1, H2 and H3 as well as interpret any changes made by a designer and/ora user to components via handles H1, H2 and H3. Manual modifier 345 mayallow designer 5 to override the pre-defined display and/orfunctionality of handles H1, H2 and H3 as described in more detailherein below. It will be appreciated that system 300 may be installedlocally or on a remote server accessed through a communication medium(as described in more detail herein below). For the sake of clarity, asystem 300 installed locally is discussed.

User 5 may decide to manually adjust the size, shape or position of aparticular component X using the available handles (H1, H2 and H3)provided by website 310 for component X. Handle module 340 may receiveany changes made by user 5 using handles H1 and H2 and may pass thisinformation to dynamic layout coordinator 320. It will be appreciatedthat a handle triggered event may include actions associated with asingle handle or with multiple handles. Dynamic layout coordinator 320may then check within database 330 to see if there are any dynamiclayout rules pertinent to component X such as anchoring to a nearbycomponent. Dynamic layout coordinator 320 may then inform internalcomponent updater 350 of any pertinent changes to be made to component Xand/or any other components. Internal component updater 350 may thenexecute the required adjustments. It will be appreciated that handle H3may be a dynamic layout override handle and therefore may not triggerany visible dynamic layout activity but may still cause internal dynamiclayout activity such as changing the length of an anchor etc. Handle H3may therefore allow for a component to be moved or resized, withoutaffecting any neighboring components.

It will be appreciated that there may be two possible conventions forusing smart handles in conjunction with dynamic layout rules. The firstis dynamic layout by default in which the regular adjustment handlesprovided for the components act as triggers for dynamic layout activity.Separate handles may also be provided that purposely bypass the dynamiclayout triggering either completely or for specific anchors and/orrules. The second convention is no dynamic layout by default. In thisscenario, regular handles do not trigger dynamic layout events andspecific handles are provided that do trigger dynamic layout events. Acombination of both conventions may also be used.

It will be further appreciated that a designer may differentiate betweenthe various different handle types as discussed hereinabove using anytype of visual attribute (such as shape, color or animation), theirposition on the edge component in question or via a pop up message orgraphics symbol which may pop up as the mouse approaches the handlearea. It will be also appreciated that handles may be invisible orvirtual having different display methods such as using a specific area(internal or external to the actual component area) as a handle, usingpart of another control structure (such as the component boundary) toprovide an additional handle function, and using another area orcomponent element as above and having the area change some visualproperty upon mouse approach, mouse over or mouse click.

It will be appreciated that visual editing systems typically providespecific handles for the main design functions such as moving andresizing. Therefore, in order to control an automatic anchor, adifferent handle may be provided for each desired function which mayoverride any dynamic layout rules and be outside the rules. Reference isnow made to FIG. 38 which illustrates an example of dynamic layout bydefault convention for automatic anchors. Component [a] has four regularsized handles b1 (down), b2 (up), b3 (right) and b4 (left). Component[a] may also have additional down/up dynamic layout override resizehandles c1 (down) and c2 (up), which only appear in the specificdirections in which dynamic layout is available i.e. where component [a]may have an automatic anchor. In scenario I, when component [a] isextended downwards, using regular handle b1, system 300 may betriggered, creating an automatic anchor between a1, the lower edge ofcomponent [a] and d1, the upper edge of component [d], once the distancebetween a1 and d1 becomes smaller than a threshold value x. When thishappens, component [a] may push component [d] downwards to make spacefor the expansion of component [a]. In scenarios II and III, resizehandle c1 is used instead of the regular handle b1, thus overriding anypreset dynamic layout rules and allowing for component [d] to remain inthe same position whether component [a] is resized downwards towardscomponent [d] (scenario II) or overlaps component [d] completely(scenario III).

Explicit anchors may be handled in a similar manner. It will beappreciated that explicit anchors are permanent until removed by thedesigner. The additional adjustment handles may only appear on the edgeswhich have explicit anchors and not on the edges that do not. Referenceis now made to FIG. 39 which illustrates an example of dynamic layout bydefault convention for explicit anchors. Component [a] has regularresize handles (b1, b2, b3, b4) on all four edges but has dynamic layoutoverride resize handles c1 and c2 only on the top and right edges towhich the explicit anchors are connected. In scenario I, a resize ofcomponent [a] upwards or to the right using handles b1 or b2, mayactivate explicit anchors D1 and D2 (respectively) and may movecomponents [e] and [f] accordingly. In scenario II, a resize usinghandles c1 and c2 may resize component [a] without affecting components[e] and [f].

It will be appreciated, that website 310 may display multiple handleswhich may cause system 300 to use different parameters values for thesame layout rules. Reference is now made to FIG. 40 which illustrates adynamic layout rule in which component [a] is moved and reaches adistance of less than X pixels from component [b], creating an automaticanchor between components [a] and [b] and pushing component [b]downwards accordingly. However, website 310 may provide two differenttypes of handles (c and d) for dealing with component [a] as isillustrated in FIG. 41 to which reference is now made. When handle c isused to move the bottom edge a1 of component [a] downwards as isillustrated in scenario I, the value of X is used as the distancethreshold. Likewise, when handle d is used, the value of Y is used asthe distance threshold. In this manner, the designer may move componentsaround and enjoy the benefits of dynamic layout during editing andeasily create area where components are densely situated amongst eachother or are widely spaced apart. These may be achieved without havingto switch between system modes, or perform multiple per-component or peranchor setting changes during editing.

It will be appreciated that different handles may be employed by website310 to control whether dynamic layout rules are to be activated or notand that the rules themselves may vary from handle to handle. It will befurther appreciated that handles may be assigned for specific rules orgroups of rules. Handles may also be assigned which deactivate oroverride existing rules or groups of rules. It will be furtherappreciated that a user or designer may map handles to rules atdifferent levels such as at the entire system level, at a specificapplication level (such as part of the application creation information)or even at page, container, component or component class level. Handlesmay also be automatically configured by system 300 via handle module 340based on which rules are applicable to a particular component based onthe type and position of the component within a page as well asaccording to existing anchors, nearby components or any other criteria.Handles may also be automatically configured based on the history of theuse of rules and/or handle types by a specific user. For example, system300 may provide rules for dynamic layout of horizontal edges and thedynamic layout of vertical edges. Two types of handles may be provided.The first type may allow the movement of a component while taking allrules into account including both horizontal edge and vertical edgeanchors. The second type may allow the movement of a component whiletaking into account horizontal edge rules only and ignoring the verticaledge rules. Thus, a designer may move a component around, activating allrelevant rules which affect horizontal edges and individuallydetermining which vertical edge rules to use. The functionality ofhandles may also be reconfigured manually by designer 5 using akeyboard, mouse or touch screen. In this scenario, manual modifier 345may override the pre-defined functionality for the pertinent handle asheld in handle module 340.

Reference is now made to FIG. 42 which represents a component [a] thathas been moved between components [b] and [c]. Components [b] and [c]are anchored together by anchor D. In scenario I, component [a] is movedusing handle a1, thus breaking anchor D. In scenario II, component [a]is moved using handle a2 and anchor D is not broken.

It will be appreciated that visual editing systems sometimes allow anend-user (rather than the designer) to perform limited layout editingoperations by directly manipulating the size and/or the position of someof the components, thus requiring dynamic layout adjustment duringrun-time to compensate for user changes. It will be further appreciated,that website 310 may display different sets of handles to designers andend-users. For example, system 300 may provide handles which bypassdynamic layout (completely or just specific rules) for designer use andonly regular dynamic layout handles to end-users. System 300 may providehandles to all components for designers and only to specific componentsfor end-users. System 300 may also provide a set of handles withspecific parameters to designers and a set of handles with different,more limiting parameters to end-users.

It will also be appreciated that if multiple adjustment handles areprovided to a particular component, the visual overload may become toolarge, in particular for small components or small component edges whichmay have insufficient space for multiple handle attachment. One way ofreducing the number of required handles may be through the use ofmultiple handle selection. In this mode of use, each handle may have adifferent specific function. The designer may desire to use thefunctions mapped to multiple handles and apply them to a singleoperation performed on the component such as moving or resizing it. Thismay be achieved by performing a multiple selection operation to performmultiple selection among the handles available on a given specificcomponent or component edge. The use of multiple handle selection mayallow (for example) three handles to represent seven different functioncombinations (7=2³−1).

It will also be appreciated that the number of handles in use may bereduced by dynamically displaying only the most relevant handles. Anexample of this (as described herein above) is a resize handle whichaffects explicit anchors being displayed only for edges which have suchexplicit anchors. Other criteria may be used to reduce handle displaysuch as handles displayed based on rules applicable for a givencomponent based on the component type, position, neighboring componentsetc. Handles may also be displayed according to their history of use,for example handle types used more recently by a designer would have ahigher priority than those rarely used. For all the above mentionedcases, a display priority may be assigned and only handles with thehigher priorities are displayed.

An alternative method of reducing the number of handles displayed is theuse of a mouse, keyboard or screen gestures in conjunction with the useof specific handles in order to move/remove them. Examples may includehandle dragging while holding down a given keyboard key to change thehandle's function and handle dragging while holding down a mouse key fora mouse equipped with additional control keys. Other examples mayinclude but are not limited to dragging a component or edge using atouch screen and performing a preliminary click on any screen modifierarea or button with the effect being either continuous (until pressedagain) or limited to the predefined dynamic layout operation performedright after the preliminary click. It will be appreciated that manualmodifier 345 may perform this manual override of the handle displayparameters held in handle module 340.

It will be appreciated that the implementation of multiple handles maybe performed using handle module 340 in conjunction with website 310. Itwill be appreciated that the handles may be created using the differentdefinitions as in described hereinabove such as handles mapped tospecific dynamic layout rules, handles which depend on the existence ofspecific anchor types, handles defined by the user and mapped to givendynamic layout rules and handles based on user handle use history.Handle module 340 may instruct website 310 to display all applicablehandles. Handle module 340 may also instruct website 310 to display anarrower set of handles according to different priorities as describedhereinabove. It will be appreciated that the display of handles may besuppressed altogether (for handles which are completely invisible orvirtual) or may be conditional based on mouse position etc.

In an alternative embodiment to the present invention, system 300 may beinstalled on a remote server which may allow website 310 to beaccessible to more than one user concurrently. It will be appreciatedthat user 5A working on client 200A may use handle H1 to trigger adynamic layout event that may require not only an update for aparticular component on his screen but also to the screen of client 200Bwhich user 5B may be viewing. Reference is now made to FIG. 43 whichillustrates system 300A, an alternative embodiment to system 300 forusing smart handles to trigger or to ignore dynamic layout rules for aparticular component. In this scenario it will be appreciated thatdynamic layout coordinator 320, may instruct internal component updater350 to update component X locally on client 200A and also instructexternal component updater 380 to update component X displayed on client200B. It will also be appreciated that system 300 may be integrated witha larger software system (such as Facebook) so as to provide a richmedia application for editing, layout and display services inside thatlarger software system.

A rich media application may also be quite complex. As is known in theart, the design of such complex application may be performed though theuse of templates or master pages, each of which is used as the basis formultiple similar regular application pages. This feature has many namesin different systems, such as master, master page, template or masterslide. It can be found in systems such PowerPoint or Visio commerciallyavailable from the Microsoft Corporation. These template pages may beknown as master pages and the term regular pages to refer to the pageswhich not master pages themselves.

Some systems simply duplicate the master page into the newly createdregular page at creation time, without establishing a persistentconnection between the regular page and the master page. In thesesystems changes to the master page are not reflected in the regularpages created based on it. Other systems do establish such a persistentconnection (which may be modified by the designer). In the later type ofsystem, a master page may be modified and the changes are dynamicallyreflected in all pages which were created based on this master page(before or after the master page was modified). This persistent link isknown as a page association, so that a given master page is associatedwith the regular pages which use it as a foundation, and these regularpages in turn are said to be associated with the master page used tocreate them.

Reference is now made to FIG. 44 which illustrates a master page MP1which includes components [a1] and [a2] and is associated with theregular pages RP1, RP2 and RP3. All three regular pages display themaster page components [a1] and [a2], as well as their own page-specificcomponents [b], [c], [d] and [e].

Applicant has realized that for existing visual design systems, it isoften difficult for a designer to visualize the effects that changes toa master page may have on the various regular pages associated with it.This often requires numerous page switching operations in the designenvironment, or the opening of numerous windows. Reference is now madeto FIG. 45 which illustrates a typical page setup in which the variouscomponents of the various pages are arranged so that the componentsresiding in the master page (and thus displayed on all associatedregular pages) form a common top, bottom or side menu, whereas thespecific regular page components are located in the middle section. Asis shown, component [a] is located towards the top of the page on MP1 aswell as on all associated regular pages RP2, RP3 and RP4. Component [b],specific to page RP2 only is located in the middle of page RP2 only.Therefore, if component [a] is, for example, moved downwards, it may bedesirable to move component [b] downwards as well. In this scenario, thedesigner would not only have to work with page P1, he would also have towork with page P2 separately.

Applicant has further realized that a system that allows thesimultaneous editing of master pages and their associated regular pagesmay also be integrated with dynamic layout principles to improve theflexibility of design and allow changes in regular pages to affect theway the master page components are displayed and vice versa.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 46A and 46B which illustrate a compositepage 417 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.Composite page 417 may comprise a master page MP1 and one or moreregular pages RP2. Master page MP1 may further comprise of master pagecomponents [a], [b] and [c] and a page group component [pg]. Regularpage RP1 may comprise regular page components [d] and [e]. It willfurther be appreciated that page group component [pg] may be likened toa form of place holder, holding a single associated regular page at anyone time during run time, but with the ability to change the currentregular page as is illustrated in FIG. 46B (described in more detailherein below). Master page MP1 may have three regular pages associatedwith it—RP1, RP2 and RP3. It will be appreciated that master page MP1components [a], [b] and [c] may be displayed on all the correspondingregular pages RP1, RP2 and RP3. It will be further appreciated that ingeneral, all master page components may be positioned above page groupcomponent [pg] (such as component [a]), below page group component [pg](such as components [b] and [c]), to the side of page group component[pg] or overlapping page group component [pg]. A master page componentthat overlaps page group component [pg] is not logically contained inpage group component [pg], but is merely considered to geometricallyoverlap page group component [pg]. Since the master page components [a],[b] and [c] are common to pages RP1, RP2 and RP3, it will be appreciatedthat during editing mode, a designer may be able to toggle between thethree different regular pages, each time viewing the page together withMP1 for easy simultaneous editing of the pages as described in moredetail herein below.

It will be appreciated that a regular page may be associated with amaster page or with no master page at all (known as a standalone regularpage). It will also be appreciated that a single master page may beassociated with multiple regular pages or with no regular pages at all(known as a standalone master page). This association may be representedby a bipartite graph as is illustrated in FIG. 47 to which reference isnow made. Master pages may not be associated with other master pages andregular pages may not be associated with other regular pages.

It will be appreciated that all associations between master pages andregular pages may be created, modified and removed by a designer.Reference is now made to FIG. 48 which illustrates a website editor 400for the association of master pages and regular pages and their display,in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Editor 400comprises a page selector 420, a page associator 430, a database 425 andcomposite page displayer 470. Database 425 comprises a regular pagesub-database 440, a master page sub-data base 450 and an associationtable 435. Designer 5, through a suitable user interface in conjunctionwith editor 400, may use page selector 420 to select a single masterpage from master page sub-database 450 and any number of regular pagesfrom regular page sub-database 440. Once the selection has been made,page associator 430 may associate and combine the chosen pages to createcomposite page 417 saving the pertinent associations in associationtable 435. It will be appreciated that page associator 430 maygeometrically map the regular page components from the page areaassigned to the regular page to the group page component. This mappingmay be done according to page width and since the various regular pagesmay have different heights (due to components extending downwards,different page y-values etc.) the page group component is appropriatelyre-sized. Dynamic layout may also be triggered at this stage (asdescribed in more detail herein below). Displayer 470 may then displaycomposite page 417 accordingly (i.e. a master page with an associatedregular page). Page displayer 470 may also display the combinedcomponents of composite page 417 according to the pertinent editing modeas is described in more detail herein below.

It will be appreciated that when displayer 470 loads a particular masterpage for the first time, displayer 470 may look up the associatedregular pages for the pertinent master page from association table 435and may display the first (page-order wise) regular page. If displayer470 loads the master page after stepping through its various regularpages, the current regular page is loaded. It will also be appreciated,that if displayer 470 loads a regular page, displayer 470 mayautomatically load the associated master page.

It will be appreciated that editor 400 may be a software componentrunning on a local computing device. The software may be a pre-installedapplication, a dynamically downloaded application (such as a Flashapplication) or a browser based application (which may run inside thebrowser using technologies such as HTML5 and JavaScript. Editor 400 mayalso be installed on a remote server (as described in more detail hereinbelow). It will be further appreciated that hardware may range from apersonal or tablet computer to a mobile communication device.

As discussed herein above, dynamic layout principles may be applied toeditor 400 to move and resize components when needed as a result of themaster page/regular page association. This is typically required whenthe same master page is associated with multiple regular pages, sincedifferent multiple regular pages (which may all reside in the same pagegroup component) may have different sizes and therefore occupy differentamounts of space. Therefore, the pertinent page group component may needto be resized/moved each time to accommodate the pertinent regular pagein use. This resizing may require the resizing/movement of the masterpage components as is illustrated in FIG. 49 to which reference is nowmade. Master page MP1 may comprise of page group component [pg] andcomponents [e] and [f]. When master page MP1 is used in conjunction withregular page RP1, page group component [pg] is displayed using itsoriginal size. When master page MP1 is used in conjunction with regularpage RP2 (which extends further than RP1), page group component [pg] isautomatically extended downwards as are components [e] and [f] if anappropriate dynamic layout association has been defined between thepertinent components.

Reference is now made to FIG. 50, which illustrates the implementationof editor 400 in conjunction with a dynamic layout editor 500. Dynamiclayout editor 500 may comprise a dynamic layout database 520, a dynamiclayout coordinator 530 and a dynamic layout updater 540. It will beappreciated that these elements are functionally similar to thosedescribed hereinabove.

It will be appreciated that page displayer 470 may display compositepage 417 via different modes—end-user mode, master page editing mode andregular page editing mode. It will further be appreciated that thegeneral view of composite page 417 is the master page together with apertinent regular page. It will be appreciated that for all three typesof modes, the master page is presented with the pertinent regular pagedisplayed in the page group component. The components from both themaster page and the regular page are all displayed based on theirregular z-order and overlap handling conventions used by the pertinentwebsite.

It will also be appreciated that an end-user may view a standaloneregular page which will be shown as it was defined and may be mapped tothe viewing screen according to its own page boundaries. An end user maynot view a master page by itself, only by viewing a regular pageassociated with it as is described herein above. Thus, a standalonemaster page is only useful as a placeholder for the designer (e.g. to beused for associating future regular pages), since the end-user cannotaccess them. It will also be appreciated that in end-user mode, theend-user is not made aware of the differences between master page andregular page components. Thus, all special manipulation handles,tooltips and other user interface elements (discussed in more detailsherein below) do not appear in this mode.

As discussed herein above, another display mode is regular page editingmode. This is the mode used to edit the entire composite page 417(comprising a master page and a regular page), while focusing on thedetails and the components of the specific regular page. In this mode,page displayer 470 may display the pertinent composite page 417, thusdisplaying all the combined components. The regular page components maybe displayed normally while the master page components are displayedwith some form of visual marking to distinguish them. This visualmarking may be a specific color, an added visual marking such as anextra frame, an alteration to the display style of the component such asa specific type of frame style, an animation or any of the aboveattributes which may be activated during editing when the designer'smouse approaches the component. Reference is now made to FIG. 51 whichillustrates a composite page 417 comprising of master page MP1 andregular page RP1. Components [a1] and [a2] belonging to regular page RP1are displayed normally, whereas components [b1] and [b2] belonging tomaster page MP1 are shaded to distinguish between them.

It will be appreciated that this display of visual marking may bedefined by designer 5 or may be assigned by page displayer 470 (pagedisplayer 470 recognizing which components belong to master page MP1 andwhich components belong regular page RP1). It will be furtherappreciated that the selection of type and intensity of visual markingmay be automatically assigned to provide the biggest contrast betweenthe two sets of components. It will be appreciated that the parametersfor the assigned visual marking may be saved together with the pertinentpages in the pertinent database. Thus designer 5 may easily distinguishbetween the different sets of components while editing a large set ofregular pages.

It will also be appreciated that master page editing mode may be used toedit composite page 417, while focusing on the details and thecomponents of the specific master page. In this mode, the master pagecomponents are shown normally and the regular page components aredisplayed with some form of visual marking as is described hereinabove.It will be appreciated that the master page may be standalone or may beassociated with one or more regular pages. For the latter case, thefirst regular page may be displayed automatically within the pagecomponent when the master page is initially edited.

It will be appreciated that for both editing modes, dynamic layoutprocessing may also occur in order to preserve the page arrangement andrelationship between the regular page components and the master pagecomponents.

It will be further appreciated that page displayer 470 may defineadditional modes of display such as a thumbnail mode in which multipleregular pages RP1 are visible at any one time. Displayer 470 may alsoextend or limit access to these modes such as allowing end-users alimited use of the regular page editing mode (to modify the applicationthey are using), or allowing only specific (senior) designers to use themaster page editing mode while limiting most designers to edit only theregular pages and their components.

It will also be appreciated that a designer may switch between masterpage editing mode and regular page editing mode without having to exitor switch editing session. In this manner, while editing composite page417, designer 5 may edit either the regular page itself or theassociated underlying master page, while continuing to view the samecomponents. It will be appreciated that the mode switch may be affectedthough a user interface element which may toggle between the modes.Alternatively, the modes may be switched when a mouse gesture isperformed on a component or area which “belongs to the opposite” mode.For example, when the designer is using master page editing mode, he mayclick on the page component or any of the regular page components andswitch to regular page editing mode. It will be appreciated, that whenswitching between the two modes, the display remains the same except forthe use of the visual markings to differentiate between the two sets ofcomponents.

As described herein above, designer 5 may typically view a compositepage 417 consisting of a master page with an associated regular pagedisplayed within the page group component (in both master page editingmode or regular page editing mode). Reference is now made to FIG. 52which illustrates two regular pages RP1 and RP2 both associated withmaster page RP1. Designer 5 working with master page MP1 together withregular page RP1 may wish to continue edit master page MP1 inconjunction with regular page RP2 instead. To facilitate this, pagedisplayer 470 may allow switching or flipping between the two regularpages RP1 and RP2. It will be appreciated that regular pages may betypically ordered according to their order as pages in the application.The switching may be done instantly (i.e. the new regular page replacesthe existing page instantly) or by using some form of transition effect(such as slide aside or dissolve) as is illustrated in FIG. 53A to whichreference is now made. Regular pages RP1, RP2 and RP3 may interchangedby “sliding” them through the page component [pg]. It will also beappreciated that page displayer 470 may also display a visual menushowing ghost and or/thumbnail images of the pertinent regular pages sothat the designer may pick a pertinent regular page RP1 for display withits master page MP1 as is illustrated in FIG. 53B to which reference isnow made.

As discussed herein above, switching between different regular pages maytrigger a dynamic layout mechanism to move and resize the page groupcontainer as well as other master page components in order to maintainthe existing page structure. Furthermore, if the switching is performedusing a transition that may take time, page displayer 470 may displaythe component changes caused by the dynamic layout process usinganimation (i.e. the pertinent components move gradually).

It will also be appreciated that it is often desirable to make anexisting master page component into a regular page component for aspecific regular page (so it would be shown only on the pertinentregular page), without affecting the properties of the component or viceversa—making an existing regular page component into a master pagecomponent. It will be further appreciated that executing such a changemay not affect the current display of components, since the component isvisible to the designer, whether it belongs to the master page or theregular page. However, if designer 5 switches regular pages, thecomponent continues to be displayed if it is a master page component,but may no longer be visible if it is a regular page component. It willbe appreciated that one possible method of “moving the component” may bethrough the use of a tooltip. Clicking on a tooltip may switch editingmode or may move the component to the opposite—type page. Another methodmay be through editing the property sheet of the pertinent componentwhich is typically displayed when editing a component. The propertysheet should clearly indicate if the component is associated with amaster page or with a regular page. Yet another method may be byclicking on a specific area or element within the component itself (i.e.use a special handle). The area or handle may change shape when thecomponent changes from a master page component to a regular pagecomponent and vice versa. Another method may be by physically draggingthe component from outside the page group container into it and viceversa. It will be appreciated that this may not work for master pagecomponents which are placed in the same areas as the page groupcontainer or when component (master page or regular page) overlaps thepage group container.

As discussed hereinabove, in an alternative embodiment to the presentinvention, both editors 400 and 500 may be implemented locally or on aremote server (either together or editor 400 as standalone) accessed bya communication medium such as the Internet, as is illustrated in FIG.54 to which reference is now made. Editors 400 and 500 may reside on aremote server 600 which may be accessed by clients 610A and 610B. Itwill be further appreciated that this implementation may allow multipledesigners and or users to create and use composite pages which may beshared with or without dynamic layout capabilities. In anotherembodiment, editors 400 and 500 may be integrated with a larger softwaresystem (such as the Facebook system) so as to provide a rich mediaapplication for editing, layout and display services inside the largersoftware system. Editors 400 and 500 may provide the user interface, ormay function as a back-end engine, with a different front end systemproviding the actual user interface.

Therefore, whether designer 5 is in master page editing mode or inregular page editing mode, he may perform a number of actions tostreamline his editing capabilities. He may switch between differentregular pages while viewing the same master page, he may switch betweendifferent editing modes and he may change and/or move components frommaster page to regular page and vice versa. As shown in FIG. 55 to whichreference is now made, he may also utilize a smart handle, here labeled550, to change the boundaries between the master page and the regularpages, in any direction (as an example, FIG. 55 shows smart handles forlengthening or shortening of the regular pages). This may cause dynamiclayout changes and/or may change which components belong to the masterpage and the regular pages and vice versa.

It will be appreciated that all these capabilities may be implementedbased on user interface action and/or mouse gestures. It will be furtherappreciated that all of the above mentioned capabilities may be also beenhanced through the use of dynamic layout relationships and rules.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the precedingdiscussions, it is appreciated that, throughout the specification,discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” or the like, refer to the action and/orprocesses of a general purpose computer of any type such as aclient/server system, mobile computing devices, smart appliances orsimilar electronic computing device that manipulates and/or transformsdata represented as physical, such as electronic, quantities within thecomputing system's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computing system'smemories, registers or other such information storage, transmission ordisplay devices.

Embodiments of the present invention may include apparatus forperforming the operations herein. This apparatus may be speciallyconstructed for the desired purposes, or it may comprise ageneral-purpose computer or a client/server configuration selectivelyactivated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer.The resultant apparatus when instructed by software may turn the generalpurpose computer into inventive elements as discussed herein. Theinstructions may define the inventive device in operation with thecomputer platform for which it is desired. Such a computer program maybe stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but notlimited to, any type of disk, including optical disks, magnetic-opticaldisks, read-only memories (ROMs), volatile and non-volatile memories,random access memories (RAMs), electrically programmable read-onlymemories (EPROMs), electrically erasable and programmable read onlymemories (EEPROMs), magnetic or optical cards, Flash memory, disk-on-keyor any other type of media suitable for storing electronic instructionsand capable of being coupled to a computer system bus.

The processes and displays presented herein are not inherently relatedto any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purposesystems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachingsherein, or it may prove convenient to construct a more specializedapparatus to perform the desired method. The desired structure for avariety of these systems will appear from the description below. Inaddition, embodiments of the present invention are not described withreference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciatedthat a variety of programming languages may be used to implement theteachings of the invention as described herein.

While certain features of the invention have been illustrated anddescribed herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, andequivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is,therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended tocover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spiritof the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for dynamically adjusting the layout ofcomponents of a website in a website building system according tochanges in one or more of the components, the system comprising: amemory and a processor; a database storing visual components of saidwebsite, wherein said components comprise atomic components andcontainer components containing one or more other components; a layoutmanager operative during a viewing session to dynamically create atleast automatic anchors between parallel edges of affecting and affectedcomponents according to associated dynamic layout rules, said rulesdefining relationships at least between content and a containingcomponent, between a component and a peer component in a primarydirection, between bottom edges of said affecting and said affectedcomponents, and between top edges of said affecting and said affectedcomponents; a receiver to receive events caused by dynamic layouttriggers generated by said layout manager related to dynamic changes inat least position, size, content and visual attributes of at least oneof said website components; and a coordinator, in response to saidevents, at least to automatically create or remove anchors between atleast two components of said website affected by said dynamic layouttriggers, to generate dynamic layout updates for said componentsaccording to said associated dynamic layout rules, and to instruct saidlayout manager to display said components with said dynamic layoutupdates during said viewing session.
 2. The system according to claim 1said database to also store said associated rules and dynamic layoutinformation.
 3. The system according to claim 2 and wherein saidinformation comprises at least one of: said anchor information, saidanchor creation history, the original position and size of saidcomponents and designer and end-user parameters.
 4. The system accordingto claim 2 and wherein said updates comprise the manipulation of saidwebsite components according to said event and said associated rules. 5.The system according to claim 1 and wherein said coordinator comprises adynamic data aggregator to aggregate and limit dynamic data.
 6. Thesystem according to claim 1 and wherein said triggers comprise at leastone of component size and position changes, content changes, contentformatting change, components having multiple configurations, multipletarget platforms, multiple screen sizes, dynamic data, end user changesand application initiated layout changes.
 7. The system according toclaim 1 and wherein said rules are at least one of: user defined andsystem defined.
 8. The system according to claim 1 and wherein saidwebsite is viewable via at least one of: a regular browser, aspecialized web browser and a non-browser client access application. 9.The system according to claim 1 and wherein said changes are changes inat least one of the content, layout and attributes of said one or morecomponent.
 10. The system according to claim 1 and wherein two of saidone or more components overlap or intersect each other.
 11. A method fordynamically adjusting the layout of components of a website in a websitebuilding system according to changes in one or more of the components,the method comprising: storing visual components of said website in adatabase, wherein said components comprise atomic components andcontainer components containing one or more other components;dynamically creating at least automatic anchors between parallel edgesof components being changed during a viewing session and of componentsbeing affected by said components being changed according to associateddynamic layout rules, said rules defining relationships at least betweencontent and a containing component, between a component and a peercomponent in a primary direction, between bottom edges of said affectingand said affected components, and between top edges of said affectingand said affected components; receiving events caused by dynamic layouttriggers related to dynamic changes in at least position, size, contentand visual attributes of at least one of said website components; inresponse to said events, automatically creating or removing anchorsbetween at least two components of said website affected by said dynamiclayout triggers to generate dynamic layout updates for said componentsaccording to associated dynamic layout rules; coordinating said dynamiclayout updates to said website between a server and said at least oneclient according to said events and associated dynamic layout rulesstored on said server; and displaying said components with said dynamiclayout updates, wherein each said component is an atomic component or acontainer component containing one or more other components.
 12. Themethod according to claim 11 and also storing said associated rules anddynamic layout information.
 13. The method according to claim 11 andalso comprising manipulating said website components according to saidevents and said associated rules.
 14. The method according to claim 11and wherein said coordinating comprises aggregating dynamic data andlimiting dynamic data.
 15. The method according to claim 11 and whereinsaid rules are at least one of: user defined and system defined.
 16. Themethod according to claim 11 and wherein said website is viewable via atleast one of: a regular browser, a specialized web browser and anon-browser client access application.
 17. A website editorimplementable on a computing device, the editor comprising: a databaseto store pages and components, each of said components predefined as oneof: master components associated with at least one master page andregular components associated with at least one regular page; adisplayer to display a composite page comprising master components andregular components; an editor to enable a user to select either saidmaster components or said regular components for editing therebygenerating selected components and non-selected components; and a layoutmanager to dynamically create at least automatic anchors betweenparallel edges of affecting and affected selected components accordingto associated dynamic layout rules, said rules defining relationships atleast between content and a containing component, between a componentand a peer component in a primary direction, between bottom edges ofsaid affecting and said affected selected components, and between topedges of said affecting and said affected selected components.
 18. Thewebsite editor of claim 17 and wherein said master page also comprises apage group component to retain said at least one regular page.
 19. Thewebsite editor according to claim 17 and wherein said editor comprises aregular page switcher to switch the current regular page being displayedand edited.
 20. The website editor according to claim 19 and whereinsaid regular page switcher comprises a visual menu arrangement toactivate said regular page switcher.
 22. The website editor according toclaim 17 and also comprising a dynamic layout editor to update saidselected components.
 23. The website editor according to claim 22 andwherein said displayer displays said dynamic layout updates.
 24. Thewebsite editor according to claim 23 and wherein said displayer displayssaid dynamic layout updates through an animation effect.
 25. A websitebuilding system comprising: a database to store pages and components ofa website, each of said components predefined as one of: mastercomponents associated with at least one master page and regularcomponents associated with at least one regular page, and wherein aplurality of said master and regular components have associated dynamiclayout rules which define the relationships between one websitecomponent and at least one other secondary website component and whereineach component of said plurality of components has a handle setcomprising at least one regular handle and at least one smart handle; adisplayer to display a composite page comprising master components andregular components; an editor to enable a user to select either saidmaster components or said regular components for editing therebygenerating selected components and non-selected components; a dynamiclayout editor to provide at least one of said selected components beingedited with said handle set during an editing session, wherein one ofsaid at least one smart handle is operative to change the boundarybetween said selected components and said non-selected components; anupdater to update and display said website according to handle set,handle type and associated dynamic layout rules; and a processor and amemory unit, said processor to embody said editor, said displayer, saiddynamic layout editor, and said updater.
 26. The website building systemaccording to claim 25 and wherein said event comprises attribute andparameter values.
 27. The website building system according to claim 25and wherein said smart handles are at least one of: a dynamic layouthandle and a dynamic layout override handle.
 28. The website buildingsystem according to claim 25 and also comprising a user interface todisplay said smart handles as one of: an invisible handle, a transparenthandle and a display construct of said website editor.
 29. The websitebuilding system according to claim 28 and also comprising a handlemodule comprising a modifier to enable manual modification of saiddisplay and of a functionality of said smart handles using at least oneof: a keyboard, a mouse and a touchscreen.
 30. The website buildingsystem according to claim 25 and wherein said relationships are at leastone of explicit anchors, automatic anchors and semi-automatic anchors.